Peah 7:8 - 8:1

משנודעו הועללות – when it is recognized what are grapes hanging down directly from the trunk and what is a bundle [of grapes].

העוללות לעניים – A person cannot dedicate/sanctify [to the Temple] something that is not his.

יתנו שכר גדולן להקדש – that which grows in value all the while that they are in the ground of something dedicated to the Temple. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi.

בעריס – a vineyards where its vines hang on poles and trees, based upon the language (Song of Songs 1:16): “Our couch is in a bower.”

כל שאינו יכול לפשוט – that is to say, after he has passed by them, and if in the place where he remembers he cannot stretch his hand and take, it is called concerning him, (Deuteronomy 24:19): “Do not turn back to get it.”

אבל רוגליות –[grapes growing in a row on isolated vines] grapes that stand on the ground when they tread upon them with the foot.

משיעבור ממנה – that is forgetting, for each and every vine among the grapes growing in a row on isolated vines is considered like a border-bed/furrow on its own, and it is prohibited to return from one border bed to another border bed.

מאימתי. הנמושות – there are those who explain this [word נמושות/the last troop of gleaners ] as old people who are walking on their staffs, and there are those who interpret this as the gleaners after the gleaners (the poor who come for the second gleanings – see Talmud Bava Metzia 21b) , for after they would go in the field, gleaners after the gleaners or these elderly people who come late to walk go to glean after everyone that is poor has already despaired from that field, and all that is found in it after that is ownerless to all, whether for the poor or for the rich.

רביעה שניה – the rain is called fructification (in the fall) because it fructifies the ground (see Talmud Ta’anit 6a), and gives birth and causes to grow like a male who copulates with a female and she becomes pregnant from him, from the language (Leviticus 19:19): “You shall not let cattle mate [with a different kind]…” Another explanation: Fructification on account that the rain causes the dust to lie down, which is the Aramaic translation of lying down to cause fructification. And he time for the second rainfall in an average year is on the twenty-third of Mar Heshvan.

שאינן מוסקין – harvesting of olives like reaping grain and cutting grapes and plucking figs and harvesting dates, so too harvesting olives.

ולא יהא מביא בארבעה איסרות – that is two Pundiyons/Dupondium (a Roman coin equal to two Asses) as a Pundiyon is two Issars, and we teach in the Mishnah that a poor person that goes from place to place from the [town] square receives not less that a Pundiyon/Dupondium, that is the food for two meals, and since he does not bring olives worth four Issars, that is the food for two meals for himself and two meals for his wife, for even he does not go out to glean. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.