Peah 7:4 - 7:5

איזו היא עוללת – as it states in the Torah (Leviticus 19:10): “You shall not pick your vineyard bare.”

כתף – the middle shoot/twig of the cluster is attached to many small clusters, and they lie one on top of the other it is like a burden that is on the shoulder of a person which is called a shoulder, and when they are scattered in one shoot/twig one hear and the other there, there is no “shoulder,” (i.e., grapes on an arm of a vine which branches off into twigs).

נטף – they are berries of grapes that are attached at the end of the shoot/twig that is customary that many grapes would be hanging there, and on account that its grapes drop downward, it is called נטף/grapes hanging down directly from the trunk, and in the language of the Bible, they call a cluster that lacks a shoulder (i.e., grapes on the arm of a vine which branches off into twigs) and grapes hanging down directly from the trunk עולל/picked bare, because it is in front of the rest of the clusters of grapes like something picked bare before the person.

אם ספק – that the small clusters appear to be hanging/suspended on a shoot/twig, as if the lie one on top of the other and they don’t lie nicely, for now there is doubt if it has grapes on the arm of a vine which branches off into twigs (i.e., a shoulder) or not.

שבארכובה – a young shoot of a vine that many clusters hang on it and when the person cutting grapes cuts them and it is called a knee/joint and sometimes it has a small single bunch (on a single branch, or hanging down directly from the trunk) with the clusters.

נקרצת – it is cut and severed and its example we taught in Talmud Yoma (31b): “he cut [the windpipe and the gullet] and another priest completed the slaughtering on his behalf” and in the Bible (Jeremiah 46:20): “a butcher from the north is coming.”

גרגר יחידי – such as a cluster that lacks small clusters lying one on top of the other but the single berries (not growing in clusters) are attached to the shoot/twig itself.

רבי יהודה אומר אשכול – as it is written (Isaiah 17:6): “Only gleanings shall be left of him, as when one beats an olive tree, two or three berries…” are a small single bunch, more than this is a cluster.

וחכמים אומרים עוללת – and they are not considered berries that lie one on top of the other to be called a shoulder (grapes on an arm of a vine which branches off into twigs). And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

המדל בגפנים – when the vines are joined in close contact one after another, he uproots from those that are in-between and the others are fixed with this.

כך הוא מדל בשל עניים – even though they have Peah or a small single bunch (on a single branch – or hanging down from the trunk)/gleaning reserved for the poor so the thinning of theirs like with his, for he holds that they have a partnership law and just as he thins his own, so too he thins that [the vines] of his friends and even the poor are included.

רבי מאיר אומר בשלו הוא רשאי – He holds that the poor have a law of acquisition with their part, and just as the seller says to his fellow – ten clusters of grapes it is prohibited to touch them, so too regarding that of the poor. But the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.