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Bava Basra 10:7 - 10:8

The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, September 14, 2030 is Bava Basra 10:7 - 10:8

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Bava Basra Perek 10 Mishnah 7

ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืคืจืง ื™ืณ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ืณ

7
In a case where there are two brothers, one poor and one rich, and their father left them a bathhouse or an olive press as an inheritance, if the father had built these facilities for profit, i.e., to charge others for using them, the profit that accrues after the fatherโ€™s death is shared equally by the two brothers. If the father had built them for himself and for the members of his household to use, the poor brother, who has little use for these amenities, cannot force the rich brother to convert the facilities to commercial use; rather, the rich brother can say to the poor brother: Go take servants for yourself, and they will bathe in the bathhouse. Or he can say: Go take olives for yourself, and come and make them into oil in the olive press. If there are two people who were living in one city, one named Yosef ben Shimon and the other also named Yosef ben Shimon, one cannot present a promissory note against the other, as the purported debtor can claim: On the contrary, it is you who owed me money; you repaid me and I returned this note to you upon payment. Nor can another, third person, present a promissory note against either of them, as each one can claim: It is not I but the other Yosef ben Shimon who owes you money. If a document is found among oneโ€™s documents stating: The promissory note against Yosef ben Shimon is repaid, and both men named Yosef ben Shimon owed this man money, the promissory notes of both of them are considered repaid, as it cannot be determined which debt was repaid and which is outstanding. What should two people with the same name in a single city do in order to conduct their business? They should triple their names by writing three generations: Yosef ben Shimon ben so-and-so. And if they have identical triple names, i.e., not only their fathers but their grandfathers had identical names, they should write an indication as to which one is referred to, such as: The short Yosef ben Shimon or the dark Yosef ben Shimon. And if they have identical indications, they should write: Yosef ben Shimon the priest, if one of them is a priest. In the case of one who says to his son before dying: One promissory note among the promissory notes in my possession is repaid, but I do not know which one, the promissory notes of all of those who owe him money are considered repaid, i.e., they are not valid for collection, as it cannot be determined which debt was repaid and which are outstanding. If there were found among his papers two promissory notes owed by one person, the one for the greater amount is considered repaid, and the one for the smaller amount is not considered repaid and can be collected; the debtor is favored in the case of an uncertainty. One who lends money to another with the assurance of a guarantor cannot collect the debt from the guarantor. But if the creditor said to the debtor: I am lending the money on the condition that I will collect the debt from whomever I wish, i.e., either the debtor or the guarantor, he can collect the debt from the guarantor. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: If the debtor has property of his own, then whether in this case, where the creditor stipulated this condition, or that case, where he did not, he cannot collect the debt from the guarantor. And so Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel would say: If there is a guarantor for a woman for her marriage contract, from whom the woman can collect payment of her marriage contract instead of collecting it from the husband, and her husband was divorcing her, the husband must take a vow prohibiting himself from deriving any benefit from her, so that he can never remarry her. This precaution is taken lest the couple collude [kenunya] to divorce in order to collect payment of the marriage contract from this guarantorโ€™s property, and then the husband will remarry his wife.
ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืึทื—ึดื™ืŸ, ืึถื—ึธื“ ืขึธื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืขึธืฉืึดื™ืจ, ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ืึฒื‘ึดื™ื”ึถืŸ ืžึถืจึฐื—ึธืฅ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื“, ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืึธืŸ ืœึฐืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ, ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ืœึธืึถืžึฐืฆึทืข. ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืึธืŸ ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึธืŸ, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ึถืขึธืฉืึดื™ืจ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœึถืขึธื ึดื™, ืงึทื— ืœึฐืšึธ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึฐื—ึฒืฆื•ึผ ื‘ึทืžึผึถืจึฐื—ึธืฅ, ืงึทื— ืœึฐืšึธ ื–ึตื™ืชึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึนื ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื“. ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืขึดื™ืจ ืึทื—ึทืช, ืฉืึตื ืึถื—ึธื“ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืฉืึตื ืึทื—ึตืจ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ, ืึตื™ืŸ ื™ึฐื›ื•ึนืœึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจ ื—ื•ึนื‘ ื–ึถื” ืขึทืœ ื–ึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึทื—ึตืจ ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจ ื—ื•ึนื‘. ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืœึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึธืจื•ึผืขึท, ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืคึผึฐืจื•ึผืขึดื™ืŸ. ื›ึผึตื™ืฆึทื“ ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ, ื™ึฐืฉืึธืœึตืฉืื•ึผ. ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐืฉืึปืœึผึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื™ึดื›ึฐืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืกึดื™ืžึธืŸ. ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐืกึปืžึผึธื ึดื™ืŸ, ื™ึดื›ึฐืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ. ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึน, ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจื•ึนืชึทื™ ืคึผึธืจื•ึผืขึท ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืึตื™ื–ึถื”ื•ึผ, ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ืคึผึฐืจื•ึผืขึดื™ืŸ. ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืœึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืฉืึธื ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื, ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืคึผึธืจื•ึผืขึท ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผึธื˜ึธืŸ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืคึธืจื•ึผืขึท. ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื•ึถื” ืึถืช ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืขึธืจึตื‘, ืœึนื ื™ึดืคึผึธืจึทืข ืžึดืŸ ื”ึถืขึธืจึตื‘. ื•ึฐืึดื ืึธืžึทืจ ืขึทืœ ืžึฐื ึธืช ืฉืึถืึถืคึผึธืจึทืข ืžึดืžึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืึถืจึฐืฆึถื”, ื™ึดืคึผึธืจึทืข ืžึดืŸ ื”ึถืขึธืจึตื‘. ืจึทื‘ึผึธืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื’ึผึทืžึฐืœึดื™ืึตืœ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ืึดื ื™ึตืฉื ื ึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ืœึทืœึผึนื•ึถื”, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืœึนื ื™ึดืคึผึธืจึทืข ืžึดืŸ ื”ึถืขึธืจึตื‘. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึธืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื’ึผึทืžึฐืœึดื™ืึตืœ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ื”ึถืขึธืจึตื‘ ืœึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืชึปื‘ึผึธืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึทืขึฐืœึธื”ึผ ืžึฐื’ึธืจึฐืฉืึธื”ึผ, ื™ึทื“ึผึดื™ืจึถื ึผึธื” ื”ึฒื ึธืึธื”, ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืงึฐื ื•ึผื ึฐื™ึธื ืขึทืœ ื ึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื–ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจ ืึถืช ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน:
ื–ืณ

ืงื— ืœืš ืขื‘ื“ื™ื โ€“ that they should warm up for you the bathhouse that it is like what our father left us, so it shall be forever, and even though that we have in the first chapter (Tractate Bava Batra, Chapter 1, Mishnayot 1 and 6), concerning something where there isnโ€™t the law of division. One can say, โ€œI will make a wall or I will divide it,โ€ meaning to say, โ€œsell me your part or I will sell [to you] my part. But it is different here because the poor person cannot say, โ€œI will divide itโ€ because he has nothing with which to buy.โ€

ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” โ€“ because each one can claim that this document that is in your hands, I returned to you when I paid you repaid me the monies that I lent to you.

ื•ืœื ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื โ€“ because each one can supersede him regarding his fellow.

ื™ืฉืœืฉื• โ€“ he will write the name of his fatherโ€™s father.

ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื โ€“ that their names and the names of their fathers and the names of their fatherโ€™s fathers are the same.

ื™ื›ืชื‘ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ โ€“ a certain [sign] that this is red-spotted or long or short and if their signs are the same, they should write, โ€œKohen,โ€ if one is a Kohen and the other is an Israelite.

ื ืžืฆื โ€“ to one borrower there two documents from two loans that he borrowed from him.

ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืคืจื•ืข โ€“ that one document among his documents is spoken of and not two.

ืœื ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ โ€“ first, until the borrower is brought to court, and the Jewish court makes him liable [to pay it off]; and if he doesnโ€™t have wherewith to pay, then he can collect from the guarantor.

ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืœื•ื” โ€“ he should not collect payment from the guarantor, not from the fact that the first Tanna/teacher holds that even if the borrower has property, he should collect payment from the guarantor, but rather, because our Mishnah is deficient, and this is how it should be taught: A person who loans his fellow through a guarantor should not collect payment from the guarantor, but if he said, โ€œon condition that I can collect payment from whomever I desire,โ€ he can collect payment from the guarantor. When is this said? When the borrower lacks property, but if the borrower has property, he should collect payment from the guarantor, or from a person who assumes the other manโ€™s obligations unconditionally (see Talmud Bava Batra 173b and 174a), even though the borrower has property, he should collect from the person who assumes the other manโ€™s obligations unconditionally. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says that both the guarantor and the man who assumes the other personโ€™s obligations unconditionally are the same: if the borrower has property, he (i.e., the creditor) may not collect from them. But the Halakha is not according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel. The guarantor is the person who says [to the creditor]: โ€œGive him and I will be the guarantor [of your repayment].โ€ The ืงื‘ืœืŸ /the person who assumes the other personโ€™s obligations unconditionally who says: โ€œGive him, and I will give it to you.โ€

ื”ืขืจื‘ ืœืืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” โ€“ and the husband lacks property, and the guarantor needs to pay off her Ketubah/Jewish marriage contract [in event of the husbandโ€™s death or a divorce], he should not pay off the Ketubah until the husband first makes her take a vow against deriving any benefit with the knowledge/consent of the public a vow that cannot be revoked, that he cannot restore her [as his wife], for we suspect lest it is his intention to restore her [as his wife] and to consume her Jewish marriage contract settlement after she has collected her settlement from the guarantor and regarding law, the guarantor of a Ketubah is not mortgaged and he is not liable to pay it off [for the husband] and even if the husband lacks property. What is the reason that he has performed a Mitzvah and nothing is missing from it? But if he is mortgaged as a guarantor for the Ketubah of his son, a father regarding his son is himself personally mortgaged, but a ืงื‘ืœืŸ/someone who unconditionally assumes the other manโ€™s obligations when the Jewish marriage contract is mortgaged, the wife can claim the Ketubah from him (i.e., the ืงื‘ืœืŸ ) at first, and even if the husband has property, but the husband forces her to take an vow against benefit first with the consent of the public.

ืงื— ืœืš ืขื‘ื“ื™ื. ืฉื™ื—ืžืžื• ืœืš ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ. ื“ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ื•ืืขืดื’ ื“ืื™ืช ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืดืง ื“ื‘ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืœื™ืช ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื’ื•ื“ ืื• ืื’ื•ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื—ืœืงืš ืื• ืื ื™ ืืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืš ื—ืœืงื™, ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืื’ื•ื“, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืžื” ืœืงื ื•ืช:

ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื“ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืฉื˜ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ืš ืื ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืš ื›ืฉืคืจืขืช ืœื™ ื”ืžืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืœื•ื™ืชื™ืš:

ื•ืœื ืื—ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื“ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื™ ืžื“ื—ื™ ืœื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”:

ื™ืฉืœืฉื•. ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•:

ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื. ืฉืฉืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืŸ:

ื™ื›ืชื‘ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ. ืคืœื•ื ื™. ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื™ื—ื•ืจ ืื• ืืจื•ืš ืื• ื’ื•ืฅ. ื•ืื ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ืŸ, ื™ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ื”ืŸ, ืื ืื—ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ื ืžืฆื. ืœืœื•ื” ืื—ื“ ืฉื ืฉืชื™ ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื•ืื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื” ืžืžื ื•:

ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืคืจื•ืข. ื“ืฉื˜ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืงืืžืจ, ื•ืœื ืฉื ื™ื:

ืœื ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘. ืชื—ืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืœื•ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื” ืœืฉืœื ืื– ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘:

ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืœื•ื”. ืœื ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘. ืœืื• ืžื›ืœืœ ื“ืชื ื ืงืžื ืกื‘ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืœื•ื” ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘, ืืœื ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื—ืกื•ืจื™ ืžื—ืกืจื ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืงืชื ื™, ื”ืžืœื•ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืจื‘ ืœื ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘, ื•ืื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืืคืจืข ืžืžื™ ืฉืืจืฆื”, ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘. ื‘ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืœื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืœื•ื” ืœื ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘. ื•ืงื‘ืœืŸ, ืืขืดืค ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืœื•ื” ื™ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ. ืจืฉื‘ืดื’ ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืขืจื‘ ื•ืื—ื“ ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืœื•ื” ืœื ื™ืคืจืข ืžื”ืŸ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ. ืขืจื‘, ื”ื•ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืชืŸ ืœื• ื•ืื ื™ ืขืจื‘. ืงื‘ืœืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืชืŸ ืœื• ื•ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš:

ื”ืขืจื‘ ืœืืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืขืจื‘ ืœืคืจื•ืข ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”, ืœื ื™ืคืจืข ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื“ื™ืจื ื” ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื ืื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื ื“ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืชืจื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”, ื“ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืฉืžื ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื’ื‘ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘. ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื, ืขืจื‘ ื“ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืžืฉืชืขื‘ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ืข, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœ. ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื, ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืกืจื”. ื•ืื™ ืขืจื‘ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื, ืžืฉืชืขื‘ื“, ื“ืื‘ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืขื‘ื™ื“ ื ืคืฉื™ื”. ื•ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื“ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืขื‘ื“ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืืฉื” ืฉืชืชื‘ืข ืžืžื ื• ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื“ื™ืจื ื” ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ืื” ืชื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Bava Basra Perek 10 Mishnah 8

ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืคืจืง ื™ืณ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืณ

8
One who lends money to another by means of a promissory note can collect the debt from liened property that had been sold to others by the debtor after the loan was granted. One who lends money by means of witnesses, without recording the loan in a promissory note, can collect the debt only from unsold property. If one presents to a debtor a document in the handwriting of the debtor stating that he owes money to him, but without witnesses signed on the document, the creditor can collect only from unsold property. In the case of a guarantor whose commitment emerged after the signing of the promissory note, the creditor can collect the sum only from unsold property of the guarantor. The mishna relates: An incident occurred where such a case came before Rabbi Yishmael, and he said: The creditor can collect the sum from unsold property of the guarantor, but not from liened property that he has sold to others. Ben Nannas said to Rabbi Yishmael: The creditor cannot collect the sum from the guarantor at all, not from liened property that has been sold, nor from unsold property. Rabbi Yishmael said to him: Why not? Ben Nannas said to him: If one was strangling someone in the marketplace, demanding repayment of a loan, and another person found him doing so and said to the attacker: Leave him alone and I will give you the money he owes, the person who intervened is exempt from paying, as the creditor did not loan the money in the first place based on his trust of the one who intervened. Rather, who is a guarantor who is obligated to repay the loan he has guaranteed? One who tells the creditor before the loan takes place: Lend money to him, and I will give you the repayment, as in that case the creditor did loan the money based on his trust of the guarantor. And Rabbi Yishmael thereupon said: One who wants to become wise should engage in the study of monetary law, as there is no greater discipline in the Torah, and it is like a flowing spring. And, he added, one who wants to engage in the study of monetary law should attend to, i.e., become a disciple of, Shimon ben Nannas.
ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื•ึถื” ืึถืช ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจ, ื’ึผื•ึนื‘ึถื” ืžึดื ึผึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉืึปืขึฐื‘ึผึธื“ึดื™ื. ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืขึตื“ึดื™ื, ื’ื•ึนื‘ึถื” ืžึดื ึผึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื›ึผึฐืชึทื‘ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœื•ึน, ื’ึผื•ึนื‘ึถื” ืžึดื ึผึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ. ืขึธืจึตื‘ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื—ึดืชึผื•ึผื ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจื•ึนืช, ื’ึผื•ึนื‘ึถื” ืžึดื ึผึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ. ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื‘ึธื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ, ื’ึผื•ึนื‘ึถื” ืžึดื ึผึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื ึทื ึผึธืก, ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื’ื•ึนื‘ึถื” ืœึนื ืžึดื ึผึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉืึปืขึฐื‘ึผึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดื ึผึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน, ืœึธืžึผึธื”. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื ึตืง ืึถืช ืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืื•ึผืง ื•ึผืžึฐืฆึธืื•ึน ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทื ึผึทื— ืœื•ึน, ืคึผึธื˜ื•ึผืจ, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืขึทืœ ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธืชื•ึน ื”ึดืœึฐื•ึธื”ื•ึผ. ืึถืœึผึธื ืึตื™ื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืขึธืจึตื‘ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘, ื”ึทืœึฐื•ึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ, ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘, ืฉืึถื›ึผึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธืชื•ึน ื”ึดืœึฐื•ึธื”ื•ึผ. ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ, ื”ึธืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึทื—ึฐื›ึผึดื™ื, ื™ึทืขึฒืกื•ึนืง ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ึตื™ ืžึธืžื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึดืงึฐืฆื•ึนืขึท ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึตื”ึถืŸ, ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ื›ึผึฐืžึทืขึฐื™ึธืŸ ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนื‘ึตืขึท. ื•ึฐื”ึธืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒืกื•ึนืง ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ึตื™ ืžึธืžื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ื™ึฐืฉืึทืžึผึตืฉื ืึถืช ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื ึทื ึผึธืก:
ื—ืณ

ื”ืžืœื•ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ โ€“ even though it is not written [in the loan document] property which is pledged from which debts may eventually be collected (i.e., landed property), collects from mortgaged property for we hold that surety (i.e., mortgaged property) is a scribal error, if it had not been written in the [loan] document. It is considered as if it was written.

ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื• โ€“ and there is no other testimony there.

ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ โ€“ and not mortgaged [property], for since he has no witnesses, it has no voice, and they did not know about him that he had property in order that he had to be careful about.

ืื—ืจ ื—ื™ืชื•ื ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช โ€“ after the witnesses signed the document, [the guarantor wrote]: โ€œI so-and-so the son of so-and-so is the guarantor.โ€

ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ โ€“ from free standing properties alone for since witnesses did not inscribe on the surety/guarantor, it is like a loan by mouth.

ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื ื ืก ื•ื›ื•' โ€“ for he holds that every guarantor after the giving of the money is not a guarantor for it wasnโ€™t on the faithfulness of the guarantor and the trust in him that the creditor made the loan to him (i.e., the borrower), and even though Rabbi Yishmael extolled Ben Nanos, the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yishmael for the guarantor after the giving of the money requires an acquisition, and if not, it is not mortgaged, for before the giving of the money, there is no need for an acquisition.

ื”ืžืœื•ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื ื›ืกื™ื ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ืช ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ื•ื ืื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื›ืชื‘:

ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจ:

ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ื•ืœื ืžืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื. ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื™ืช ืœื™ื” ืงืœื ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื” ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืœื™ื–ื“ื”ืจื•:

ืื—ืจ ื—ื™ืชื•ื ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช. ืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืชืžื• ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ, ื›ืชื‘ ืื ื™ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืขืจื‘:

ื’ื•ื‘ื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘, ืžื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ื—ืชื™ืžื™ ืกื”ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ื ืœื” ืžืœื•ื” ืขืœ ืคื”:

ืืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื ื ืก ื•ื›ื•ืณ ื“ืงืกื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืฉืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืขืจื‘, ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ื”ืœื•ื”ื•. ื•ืืขืดืค ืฉืงื™ืœืก ืจืณ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื ื ืก, ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ. ื•ืขืจื‘ ื“ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ ืœื ืœื ืžืฉืชืขื‘ื“. ื•ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืขื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ:

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