Keilim 24:17 - 25:1

מהוהה (threadbare shred) – an old and worn-out cloth.

שטלייה (that is patched) – like that is patched. From the language of patch upon patch (see Tractate Berakhot 43b), that is to say, that he placed the old shred/patch on the new one.

הולכים אחר הבריאה (they follow – the status in respect of uncleanness – of the sound one) – we judge it according to the law/status of the healthy one/sound one. If [that one] is impure, it is impure, but if it is pure, it is pure.

קטנה על גדולה – whether they are both threadbare shreds or both of them are sound.

הולכין אחר הגדולה – and if the larger one is perforated, like that of one which removes/emits pomegranates that that is breaking like this is purified, also the small one that is attached to it is pure, even though it is whole/complete. But if the larger one is complete, and behold it is susceptible to receive Levitical uncleanness, even the small one (i.e., patch) attached with it is impure, even though it is perforated like that which emits a pomegranate.

הולכים אחר הפנימית – if the inner one is ritually impure, the outer one is ritually impure, and if the inner one is ritually pure, the outer one is also ritually pure.

ר' שמעון אומר כף מאזים (Rabbi Shimon says: The cup of the balance) – it comes to explain [the words] of the first Tanna/teacher, and it is speaking of the cup of a metal balance that is ritually impure, for if one patched on the bottom of the vessel for heating water from the inside, the vessel for heating water is impure. But if he patched from the outside, the vessel for heating water is ritually pure.

טלייה על צידה (if he patched it on its side) – that he attached the patch on ethe walls of the vessel for heating water, not on its bottom, whether from the outside or whether from the inside, it is ritually pure. But the upshot/final result of the entire chapter and the reason that everything is ritually impure through treading or ritually impure through contact with a corpse or pure from everything that are mentioned here, is that it and everything thing that is fit for lying, or that will be made for lying for or sitting or for sitting or for leaning upon is ritually impure through treading. Excepting if it is an earthenware vessel that does not defile by treading, and this we derive from Scripture, as it is written (Leviticus 15:5): “Anyone who touches his bedding [shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain impure until evening],” [The Rabbis] make an analogy between “his bedding” and himself, just as he has purity in a ritual bath/Mikveh, even his bedding has purification in a ritual bath, excluding an earthenware vessel which does not have purity in a ritual bath. But the mat of reeds/poor-man’s mattress which is made for lying, even though it doesn’t have ritual purity in a Mikveh, from what is written (Leviticus 11:32): “any such article that can be put to use shall be dipped in water,” but this is not a utensil/article, nevertheless it is impure through treading as we expand upon from Scripture as it is written (Leviticus 15:4): “Any bedding [on which the one with the discharge lies shall be impure],” [the word] “Any” includes the mat of reeds/poor-man’s mattress , but it ha no ritual purity/cleanliness until it is cut/severed and there remains from it less than six [handbreadths] by six [handbreadths]. But stone vessels and vessels of baked ordure and vessels of earth, are pure from everything. And similarly, everything that comes from the ocean is pure. And wooden vessels that hold the prescribed measurements, that contain forty Se’ah moist which are two Kor in dry, are also pure from everything, because they are not carried full. And similarly, anything which does not have the designation of a vessel, or that is the designation of a vessel but is not from things used by human beings, but are used by those who serve his users, is pure, such as the dresser in which olives are spread and the matting of winepresses and the sheet of frames, that we stated in our Mishnah that they are pure from everything, for they are not considered vessels that are attendant upon humans.

כל הכלים יש להם אחוריים ותוך – vessels that were defiled through impure liquids, if the liquids came in contact from the vessel’s outsides, their outsides where defiled but not their insides, because the defilement of liquids to defile vessels is not from the Torah, the Sages were lenient in their defilement. But if their inside was defiled, as for example, that the impure liquids touched their insides, their outsides are also defied. And this is what is taught [in our Mishnah[“"יש להן אחוריים ותוך/“they have outsides and an inside,” meaning to say that the law of the outsides is separate from the law of the insides.

כגון הכרים והכסתות – and even though that we use their insides and their outsides, and that it is fit to reverse them and to make their insides outsides and their outsides insides, nevertheless, the law of their outsides is separate from the law of their insides.

מרצופין (packing bags, leather bags – adapted for ship-loads) – large leather sacks that they cary in them wares on ships.

כל שיש לו תוברות (all that have loops/hems/hangers) – loops, couplings, like that of undergarments/drawers, that are sewn on the outsides of the clothing.

יש לו אחוריים ותוך – for since it has loops/couplings, it is not fit to turn inside out, and its inside is separate from its outside, but when they don’t have loops/couplings/hems, it is fit to turn them inside out, for its inside is not separate from its outside, but rather, when impure liquids came in contact with it whether from its outside or whether from its inside, everything is ritually impure/unclean. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.

השלחן והדלפקי – For Rabbi Yehuda holds, since its walls are slanted and separate, their insides are judged as insides. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.