Zevachim 5:3 - 5:4

אלו הן חטאות הצבור – that we must mention them, for the inner [altar’s sacrifices] were already taught.

שעירי ראשי חדשים ושל מועדות – for they are on the outer altar.

שחיטתן בצפון – for we have learned them through a creation of a class (i.e., a conclusion, by analogy, from a case explicitly stated in Biblical law on all similar cases not specified in detail) for all sin-offerings which are required in the north.

עלה בכבש ופנה לסובב – because its blood is placed on the horns [of the altar] and with a finger, he (i.e.., the Kohen), need to stand on top of the SOBEB (i.e., a sort of gallery surrounding the altar for the priest to walk on). But with all of he other blood which are on the lower parts from the incisors and below, he stands on the floor near the horn of the altar and sprinkles from the utensil, and any place where it reaches the [lower[ altar is appropriate/fit.

ובא לו לקרן דרומית מזרחית – upon which he approaches first, for we hold (Tractate Yoma 15b): All the turns that you make (in the Temple) must be towards the right, to the east, and he comes to that horn/corner and goes and surrounds the SOBEB gallery the right side and his face is towards the altar from the south to the east and from the east to the north and from the north to the west, which is the path to the right. And a cubit by a cubit at the height of the cubit is given at the top of the altar in each and every corner that is in it, which is called, “horn.”

על יסוד דרומית – that we derive its descent from the inclined plane leading to the altar with the outer sin-offerings and remnants of the blood in his hand, from his departure from the palace/Holy (i.e., the hall containing the golden altar) and the inner remnants [of blood] in his hand, just as his departure from the hall containing the golden altar he would place remnants of the blood that is near him, which is he western side of the base of the altar/YESOD, as it is written (Leviticus 4:7): “[and all the rest of the bull’s blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering,] which is at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting,” which means to the western side which is near the palace (i.e., the hall containing the golden altar), even his descent from the inclined plane leading to the altar he places the remnants [of the blood] that are near him, meaning, the southern base of the altar adjacent to the inclined plane leading to the altar, that the inclined plane is in the south.

לפנים מן הקלעים – because in the Mishkan/Tabernacle, there were curtains surrounding the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting, and regarding the sin-offering it is written (Leviticus 6:19): “it shall be eaten in the sacred precinct, in the enclosure of the Tent of Meeting.” And in the Temple (i.e., the permanent house, as opposed to the Tabernacle), the wall of the Temple cout wss in place of the curtains.

לזכרי כהונה – regarding the sin-offerings and the gult offering and the meal offering, it is written (Leviticus 6;22): “Only the males in the priestly line may eat of it: [it is most holy].”

בכל מכל – because it was necessary to teach regarding to the Passover offering which is not eaten other than roasted (see Mishnah 8 of this chapter), it teaches here “in any manner of cooking food.”

ליום ולילה – as it is written (Leviticus 7:15): “And the flesh of his thanksgiving sacrifice of well-being shall be eaten on the day that is offered,” ‘it shall be eaten” – we learned [from it” that the thanksgiving offering is eaten over one day. From where do we learn about the sin-offering and the guilt offering? The inference teaches us (Leviticus 7:15): “[And the flesh of his thanksgiving] sacrifice [of well -being shall be eaten on the day that it is offered;].”

עד חצות – the Sages made a fence for the Torah [in order] to keep a person from sin. For here, the Biblical verse (Leviticus 7:15) is stated: “none of it shall be set aside until morning.”

העולה קדשי קדשים – [The burnt offering] is the Most Holy Things, and becomes disqualified if it leaves [outside of the Temple courtyard] and with a person wo immersed himself on that day (but if he is a priest, is remains prohibited for that day to eat Terumah/heave offering until nightfall), and someone lacking atonement (i.e., such as a person with a flux, a healed leper, who must bring an offering to complete their purification process) and those who commit an act of sacrilege, but because it is not written in Scripture that it is the Most Holy Things like with regard to the sin-offering and the guilt offering. The Tanna/teacher comes to teach us here that this is also of the Most Holy Things like the sin-offering and the guilt offering, for it is equivalent to them in the place of their slaughter and the recption of their blood.

שתי מתנות – in the northeastern corner/horn, and in the southwestern corner/horn which opposite forms a diagonal line/diameter, and the reason is because om the southeastern corner/horn, there was no base of the altar because it was not in the portion of Benjamin when Jacob prophesied about him (Genesis 49:27): “[Benjamin is a ravenous wolf;] In the morning he consumes the foe, [And in the evening he divides the spoil],” in his inheritance the Temple will be built, the thing that is sanctified for blood will not be other than in the portion of Benjamin, and that corner/horn, was not in his portion, for the Altar was taking effect in the portion of Judah, one cubit towards the east and one cubit in the south, all the length of the east and the south in the thickness of a cubit, but there wasn’t a cubit in the east throughout all of the east, for when it would reach the north eastern corner/horn, it would end within a cubit of the corner/horn. And similarly, regarding the ending of the southern cubit, it did not go throughout all of the south, for when it would reach the southwestern corner/horn, it would end a cubit, near the corner. It is found that the base of the altar exists for three corners/horns. Therefore, he would begin at the northeastern corner/horn, for since the southwestern corner/horn lacks a base to the altar because it was not in the portion of the prey which Jacob prophesied about. But the burnt offering requires at first the giving of the blood corresponding to the base of the altar. Therefore, it requires these two as we have stated. We require two gifts which are four, in order that the giving of the blood is on the four directions of the Altar, as it is written (Leviticus 1:5): “dashing the blood against all sides of the altar,” for if he sprinkled it, he could sprinkle it in one casting, the inference teaching us, “all sides/all around,” and it is impossible to surround it with one casting. And if it is all around, it is possible to float it like a string, the inference teaching us, “dashing/casting” and there is no dashing/casting, other than from afar, and like a string, it is impossible to surround it other than with a finger. How so? He gives two acts of placing which are [divided at the corners into] four.

וטעונה הפשט ונתוח – as it is written (Leviticus 1:6): “The burnt offering shall be flayed and cut up into sections.”

וכליל לאשים – all of it is burnt on the fire.