Megillah 4:2 - 4:3

ואין מוסיפין עליהן – since on the New Moons and on the Intermediate Days of the Festival, there is also idleness from work, since work [related to] a business which cannot be postponed without irretrievable loss is permitted.

ביו"ט ה' – since anything that is greater than something of the same kind, increases the number of me. Therefore, on New Moons and on the Intermediate Days of the Festival,, where there is a Musaf/additional sacrifice, we read four [aliyot]; on Yom Tov/festivals where there is idleness from work, we read five, and on Yom Kippur which [if violated] is punished by extirpation, we read six. On Shabbat in which [one is] liable for stoning, we read seven [aliyot].

אין פורסין את שמע – Ten [men] who came to the synagogue after the congregation had recited the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4-9; 11:13-21 and Numbers 15:37-41), one stands up and recites Kaddish and Barchu (i.e., the call to worship), and first blessing that is before the Shema. [The word] פורסין means “a piece,” that is to say, half of the matter; from two blessings that are before the Shema, a person recites one blessing.

ואין עוברין לפני התיבה – the emissary of the congregation.

ואין נושאין כפים – to recite the Priestly Blessing (Numbers 6:22-26).

ואין קוראין בתורה – in a community/congregation, and all of these, they are not done with less than ten [men], as it is written (Leviticus 22:32): “[You shall not profane My holy name,] that I may be sanctified in the midst of the Israelite people…”every matter of holiness does not take place with less than ten;.. It is written here, בתוך בני ישראל/in the midst of the Israelite people, and it is written there (Numbers 16:21): “Stand back from this community that I may annihilate them in an instant!” Just as there, it is ten, so here too, it is ten. (Interestingly, while the Bartenura commentary quotes the Talmud Megillah 23b, it omits the more familiar derivation for a Minyan being ten male Jewish adults, even as the Talmud does quote it there from Numbers 14:27: “How much longer shall that wicked community keep muttering against Me?” The community/עדה mentioned in the verse clearly refers to ten individuals, the ten spies who brought a negative report about their spy mission to the Promised Land. That analogy, based upon the word עדה /congregation or community is often then compared with Numbers 35:24 and 25, as is found in the Mishnah, Tractate Sanhedrin Chapter 1:6. Whereas, the interpretation quoted by Bartenura is based upon analogy of the word “בתוך/in the midst of.”).

ואין עושין מעמד ומושב – for the deceased, when they carry the dead to bury him, they would sit (today – we “stop”) seven times in honor of the deceased. And we recite on each and every period of eulogy: “Arise dear ones, arise; sit dear ones, sit.” But with less than ten, it is not the way of the world.

ברכת אבלים – a blessing of consolation pronounced in the open air on the mourners’ return from burial, for they would recite a blessing corresponding to the mourners and a blessing corresponding to those who comfort the mourners, etc., as it is explained in the first chapter of [Talmud] Ketubot (8a).

ותנחומי אבלים – who stand in a row when they return from the grave and comfort the mourners and this line is [made up of] not less than ten.

וברכת חתנים – Seven blessings that they recite to the groom.

ואין מזמנין – since they are required to say, "נברך אלהינו"/”we will bless our God”; less than ten is not the way of the world.

ובקרקעות – of הקדש/that which is dedicated to the Temple; one who comes to redeem them requires ten and one of them is a Kohen, for ten Kohanim are written in the portion of Dedications to the Temple/הקדשות; three in evaluation [of land],and three [with regard to] the cattle, and four for the land [that is dedicated].

ואדם כיוצא בהן – if he said, “these monies are upon me,” we assess him like a servant. And there is an analogy made between servants and property, as it is written (Leviticus 25:46): “You may keep them as a possession for your children after you [for them to inherit as property for all time….].” For just as we require ten for property, and one of their number is a Kohen, this also [applies] for a person.