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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Rosh Hashanah 4:2 - 4:3

The Mishnah Yomi for Sunday, May 20, 2029 is Rosh Hashanah 4:2 - 4:3

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Rosh Hashanah Perek 4 Mishnah 2

ראש השנה פרק ד׳ משנה ב׳

2
The mishna adds: And Jerusalem in earlier times had this additional superiority over Yavne after Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai instituted this practice, for in any city whose residents could see Jerusalem and hear the sounding of the shofar from there, and which was near to Jerusalem and people could come to Jerusalem from there, they would sound the shofar there as well, as it was considered part of Jerusalem. But in Yavne they would sound the shofar only in the court itself, not in the surrounding cities.
וְעוֹד זֹאת הָיְתָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יְתֵרָה עַל יַבְנֶה, שֶׁכָּל עִיר שֶׁהִיא רוֹאָה וְשׁוֹמַעַת וּקְרוֹבָה וִיכוֹלָה לָבֹא, תּוֹקְעִין. וּבְיַבְנֶה לֹא הָיוּ תוֹקְעִין אֶלָּא בְּבֵית דִּין בִּלְבָד:
ב׳

ועוד זאת היתה ירושלים – Our Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows: In Jerusalem they would sound the Shofar throughout the city as long as Jewish court sits in the Temple, for the Jewish court sits until the sixth hour of the day (i.e., 12 noon, when the number of hours of daylight and nighttime are equal), but in Yanveh, they wouold not sound the Shofar throughout the entire city, bu t only in the presence of the Jewish Court. And this is how Jerusalem was greater than Yavneh, etc.

כל עיר שהיא רואה – [which sees] Jerusalem, except for those who dwell in a river-bed/ravine, for even though it is close, they would not sound the Shofar in it.

ושומעת – except for those who dwell at the top of the mountain.

וקרובה – except for those who dwell outside the [Sabbath] limit.

ויכולה לבא – except for when a river separates it.

ועוד זאת היתה ירושלים. מתניתין חסורי מחסרא והכי קתני, בירושלים היו תוקעין בכל העיר כל זמן שב״ד יושבים במקדש, שב״ד יושבין עד ששה שעות ביום. וביבנה לא היו תוקעין בכל העיר אלא בפני ב״ד. ועוד זאת היתה ירושלים יתירה על יבנה כו׳:

כל עיר שהיא רואה. ירושלים. פרט ליושבת בנחל שאע״פ שהיתה קרובה לא היו תוקעין בה:

ושומעת. פרט ליושבת בראש ההר:

וקרובה. פרט ליושבת חוץ לתחום:

ויכולה לבא. פרט למפסיק לה נהר:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Rosh Hashanah Perek 4 Mishnah 3

ראש השנה פרק ד׳ משנה ג׳

3
After the previous mishna mentioned Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai’s ordinance that applies to the sounding of the shofar, this mishna records other ordinances instituted by the same Sage: At first, during the Temple era, the lulav was taken in the Temple all seven days of Sukkot, and in the rest of the country outside the Temple, it was taken only one day, on the first day of the Festival. After the Temple was destroyed, Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai instituted that the lulav should be taken even in the rest of the country all seven days, in commemoration of the Temple. And for similar reasons, Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai instituted that for the entire day of waving the omer offering, i.e., the sixteenth of Nisan, eating the grain of the new crop is prohibited. By Torah law, when the Temple is standing the new grain may not be eaten until after the omer offering is brought on the sixteenth of Nisan, usually early in the morning. When the Temple is not standing it may be eaten from the time that the eastern horizon is illuminated at daybreak. However, Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai instituted a prohibition against eating the new grain throughout the entire sixteenth of Nisan, until the seventeenth, to commemorate the Temple.
בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיָה הַלּוּלָב נִטָּל בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ שִׁבְעָה, וּבַמְּדִינָה יוֹם אֶחָד. מִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הִתְקִין רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי שֶׁיְהֵא לוּלָב נִטָּל בַּמְּדִינָה שִׁבְעָה זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְשֶׁיְּהֵא יוֹם הָנֵף כֻּלּוֹ אָסוּר:
ג׳

לולב ניטל במקדש שבעה – as it is written (Leviticus 23:40): “…and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.”

ובמדינה יום אחד – as it is written (Leviticus 23:40): “On the first day you shall take [the product of hadar trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook, [and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days].”

ושיהא יום הנף – The day of the waving of the Omer.

כולו אסור – to eat from the new [grain] and the reason is explained in the Chapter [three, Tractate Sukkah, Mishnah 12] “The Stolen Lulav”/"לולב הגזול".

לולב ניטל במקדש שבעה. דכתיב (ויקרא כ״ג:מ׳) ושמחתם לפני ה׳ אלהיכם שבעת ימים:

ובמדינה יום אחד. דכתיב (שם) ולקחתם לכם ביום הראשון:

ושיהא יום הנף. יום הנפת העומר:

כולו אסור לאכול מן החדש. וטעמא מפורש בפרק. לולב הגזול:

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