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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Yevamos 7:4 - 7:5

The Mishnah Yomi for Sunday, November 19, 2023 is Yevamos 7:4 - 7:5

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 7 Mishnah 4

יבמות פרק ז׳ משנה ד׳

4
With regard to the fetus of a divorcée or a widow whose husband left her pregnant; and a man whose married brother died childless [yavam]; and betrothal; and a married deaf-mute; and a nine-year-and-one-day-old boy who engaged in intercourse with a woman; if any of these men are Israelites and the woman is the daughter of a priest, they disqualify her from partaking of teruma. But if she is an Israelite and they are priests, they do not enable her to partake of teruma. Likewise, in the case of a boy with regard to whom there is uncertainty as to whether he is nine years and one day old and uncertainty whether he is not, who engaged in intercourse with a woman; and in the case of a boy who betrothed a woman, with regard to whom there is uncertainty as to whether he has grown two pubic hairs and is considered an adult and uncertainty whether he has not grown, they too can disqualify the woman from partaking of teruma and cannot enable her to partake, as in the previous cases. If the house fell upon a man and upon his brother’s daughter, to whom he was married, and it is unknown which of them died first, her rival wife performs ḥalitza and does not enter into levirate marriage. Entering into levirate marriage is not possible, as, if the wife died after her husband, the surviving wife would be rendered the rival wife of a forbidden relative, since the yavam is the father of the wife who died. This status prevents the creation of a levirate bond between him and the surviving wife as well. On the other hand, ḥalitza is necessary in case the wife died before her husband, thereby allowing the creation of a levirate bond between her rival wife and her father, the yavam.
הָעֻבָּר, וְהַיָּבָם, וְהָאֵרוּסִין, וְהַחֵרֵשׁ, וּבֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, פּוֹסְלִין וְלֹא מַאֲכִילִין. סָפֵק שֶׁהוּא בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד סָפֵק שֶׁאֵינוֹ, סָפֵק הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת סָפֵק שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא, נָפַל הַבַּיִת עָלָיו וְעַל בַּת אָחִיו וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זֶה מֵת רִאשׁוֹן, צָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת:
ד׳

העובר והיבם וכו' -this fetus if [it is the product of] the daughter of a Kohen and an Israelite [male], it disqualifies her [from eating Terumah] as it is written (Leviticus 22:13): “[But if the priest’s daughter is widowed or divorced and without offspring, and is back in her father’s house] as in her youth, [she may eat of her father’s food],” excluding someone pregnant, if she is an Israelite woman [awaiting the act of a levir] to a Kohen, he does not feed [Terumah] and that which is not born does not cause feed [either].

והיבם – if the daughter of a Kohen is [to engage in a levirate marriage] with an Israelite man, he disqualifies her [from partaking of Terumah] as it is written (Leviticus 22:13): “and is back in her father’s house,” excluding the widow waiting for her brother-in-law to act, who is not able to return [to her father’s house] because she is in union with the widow waiting for her brother-in-law to act and if it is the daughter of an Israelite [who is to engage in a levirate marriage] with a Kohen, he does not feed her [Terumah]. The All-Merciful said (Leviticus 22:11): “[But a person who is a priest’s] property by purchase [may eat of them],” but this is the purchase of his brother.

והאירוסין – if she [the widow waiting for her brother-in-law to act] is the daughter of Kohen [to undergo levirate marriage with] with an Israelite [male], he disqualifies her, as he acquires her through “becoming,” and from the time of “becoming” he disqualifies her, as it is written (Leviticus 22:12): “If a priest’s daughter marries a layman, [she may not eat of the sacred gifts],” if it is the daughter of an Israelite [to be taken through levirate marriage] to a Kohen, he does not feed her [Terumah], as a decree lest they pour for her a cup of wine of Terumah in the house of her father and she causes her brothers and sisters to drink of it [as well]

והחרש – if the daughter of a Kohen is [the widow waiting for her brother-in-law to act] [to be married by levirate marriage] to an Israelite male, he disqualifies her [from eating Terumah] for he has acquired her through the Rabbinic ordinance, and if it is a daughter of an Israelite man [who is the widow waiting for her brother-in-law to act] and he is a Kohen, he does not feed her [Terumah] for she is his “property by purchase”(Leviticus 22:11), but a deaf-mute, according to the Torah does not acquire.

ובן תשע שנים ויום אחד וכו' – one those who are ineligible to be married into the priesthood when he is nine years and one day old and comes upon the daughter of a Kohen or upon the daughter of a Levite, or upon the daughter of an Israelite he has disqualified her from eating Terumah for someone who is nine years and one day old, his act of sexual intercourse is considered sexual intercourse, and he has profaned/degraded her through his act of sexual intercourse. But if the daughter of an Israelite is married to a Kohen who is nine years and one day old, he does not feed her Terumah/priest’s due, for his acquisition is not a complete acquisition.

וכן ספק בן תשע שנים וכו' – his law is like someone who is definitely nine [years old an one day] and he disqualifies her [from eating Terumah – if he is a Kohen].

ספק הביא שתי שערות ספק לא הביא – a minor who betrothed a woman – it is doubtful if he had brought forth two [pubic] hairs or not, and her betrothal is a doubtful betrothal. His wife may remove the shoe of the brother of her dead husband, but she may not be placed in a levirate marriage.

נפל הבית עליו ובת אחיו – and she is his wife, it is doubtful if he died first and both of them fell to a levirate marriage in the presence of his brother, but she exempts her rival wife because it is doubtful if the daughter’s associate died first, and a the time when she fell to the levirate marriage, her rival wife was not forbidden on account of consanguinity as it teaches in the Mishnah, and if they died, or refuses, their rival wives are permitted [to marry]; her rival wife undergoes Halitzah but does not enter into a levirate marriage and since we are speaking of doubtful cases, it is taught stringently in their presence.

העובר והיבם וכו׳ האי עובר אי בת כהן לישראל היא, פוסל, דכתיב כנעוריה, פרט למעוברת. אי בת ישראל לכהן היא, לא מאכיל, דשאינו ילוד אינו מאכיל:

והיבם. אי בת כהן לישראל היא, פוסל לה, ושבה אל בית אביה כתיב (שם) פרט לשומרת יבם שאינה יכולה לשוב שהיא אגודה ביבמה. ואי בת ישראל לכהן, לא מאכיל לה, קנין כספו אמר רחמנא וזו קנין אחיו היא:

והארוסין. אי בת כהן לישראל היא, פסיל לה, דקני לה בהויה, ומשעת הויה אפסילה לה, כדכתיב (שם) ובת כהן כי תהיה לאיש זר. אי בת ישראל לכהן, לא מאכיל לה, גזירה שמא ימזגו לה כוס יין של תרומה בבית אביה ותשקה לאחיה ולאחיותיה:

והחרש. אי בת כהן לישראל היא, פסל לה, דהא קנאה בתקנתא דרבנן. ואי בת ישראל לכהן היא, לא מאכיל לה, דקנין כספו אמר רחמנא וחרש מדאורייתא לא קני:

ובן תשע שנים ויום אחד וכו׳ אחד מן הפסולים לכהונה שהוא בן תשע שנים ויום אחד ובא על הכהנת או על הלויה או על בת ישראל, פסלה מלאכול בתרומה, שבן תשע שנים ויום אחד ביאתו ביאה ונתחללה בבעילתו. ואי בת ישראל נישאת לכהן בן תשע שנים ויום אחד, אינו מאכילה בתרומה, שאין קנינו קנין גמור:

וכן ספק בן תשע שנים וכו׳ דינו כבן תשע ודאי ופוסל:

ספק הביא שתי שערות ספק לא הביא. קטן שקידש את האשה, ספק הביא שתי שערות ספק לא הביא וקדושיה קדושי ספק, אשתו חולצת ולא מתיבמת:

נפל הבית עליו ועל בת אחיו. שהיא אשתו. ספק הוא מת ראשון ונפלו שתיהן ליבום לפני אחיו ופטורה צרתה משום צרת הבת, ספק היא מתה ראשונה ובשעת נפילה ליבום לא הואי צרתה צרת ערוה כדתנן וכולן אם מתו או מיאנו וכו׳ צרותיהן מותרות. צרתה חולצת ולא מתיבמת. ואיידי דאיירי בספיקי לחומרא תני להא בהדייהו:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 7 Mishnah 5

יבמות פרק ז׳ משנה ה׳

5
In the case of one who rapes a woman without marrying her; or one who seduces a woman without marrying her; or an imbecile who engages in intercourse with a woman, even if he did marry her, if they are non-priests they do not disqualify the daughter of a priest from partaking of teruma, and if they are priests they do not enable an Israelite woman to partake of teruma. And if they are not fit to enter the assembly of Israel through marriage, they disqualify the daughter of a priest from partaking of teruma. How so? If it was an Israelite who engaged in extramarital intercourse with the daughter of a priest, she may partake of teruma, as this act of intercourse does not disqualify her. If he impregnated her, she may not partake of teruma, as she is carrying an Israelite fetus. If the fetus was cut in her womb, i.e., she miscarried, she may partake of teruma. If the man was a priest who engaged in intercourse with an Israelite woman, she may not partake of teruma. If he impregnated her, she still may not partake of teruma, as a fetus does not enable its mother to partake. If she gave birth she may partake due to her child, a priest. It is therefore found in this case that the power of the son is greater than that of the father, as the father of this child does not enable the woman to partake of teruma, but the son does. A slave disqualifies a woman from partaking of teruma due to his engaging in intercourse with her, and he does not disqualify a woman because he is her offspring. How so? In what case would a slave theoretically disqualify a woman because he is her offspring? If an Israelite woman was married to a priest, or the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite; and she a bore him a son; and the son went and pressed himself onto a maidservant, an epithet for intercourse used in this context due to the shame involved in having intercourse with a maidservant; and she bore him a son, then this son is a slave. If the latter’s father’s mother was an Israelite who was married to a priest, and her husband died, she may not partake of teruma due to her grandson, as he is not a priest but a slave. On the other hand, if she was the daughter of a priest married to an Israelite, and he died, leaving only this grandson, she may partake of teruma, as the grandson is not considered his father’s offspring. A mamzer disqualifies a woman from partaking of teruma, and he also enables a woman to partake of teruma. How so? If an Israelite woman was married to a priest, or the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite, and she bore him a daughter, and the daughter went and married a slave or a gentile and bore him a son, this son is a mamzer. If his mother’s mother was an Israelite woman married to a priest, even if her husband died, she may partake of teruma, as she has surviving offspring from a priest. Conversely, if she is the daughter of a priest married to an Israelite, she may not partake of teruma, even after her Israelite husband’s death, as she has offspring from him.
הָאוֹנֵס, וְהַמְפַתֶּה, וְהַשּׁוֹטֶה, לֹא פוֹסְלִים וְלֹא מַאֲכִילִים. וְאִם אֵינָם רְאוּיִין לָבֹא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין. כֵּיצַד, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁבָּא עַל בַּת כֹּהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. עִבְּרָה, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. נֶחְתַּךְ הָעֻבָּר בְּמֵעֶיהָ, תֹּאכַל. כֹּהֵן שֶׁבָּא עַל בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. עִבְּרָה, לֹא תֹאכַל. יָלְדָה, תֹּאכַל. נִמְצָא כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל בֵּן גָּדוֹל מִשֶּׁל אָב. הָעֶבֶד פּוֹסֵל מִשּׁוּם בִּיאָה, וְאֵינוֹ פוֹסֵל מִשּׁוּם זָרַע. כֵּיצַד, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, וְהָלַךְ הַבֵּן וְנִכְבַּשׁ עַל הַשִּׁפְחָה, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה עֶבֶד. הָיְתָה אֵם אָבִיו בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מַמְזֵר פּוֹסֵל וּמַאֲכִיל. כֵּיצַד, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בַת, וְהָלְכָה הַבַּת וְנִשֵּׂאת לְעֶבֶד, אוֹ לְגוֹי, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה מַמְזֵר. הָיְתָה אֵם אִמּוֹ בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה:
ה׳

והשוטה – even through marriage and betrothal/חופה וקידושין – he does not disqualify [her from consuming Terumah, but he does not feed it as his acquisition is not an acquisition.

נחתך העובר שבמעיה תאכל – immediately [she may consume Terumah] and the same law applies if she gave birth to him and he died.

עיברה לא תאכל – for the fetus does not feed/cause others to eat [Terumah].

גדול משל אב – for the man who has sexual intercourse does not sustain [his partner with Terumah] because he did not come upon her for the sake of Kiddushin/Jewish betrothal, and she is not his property/possession but he provides for his son.

העבד פוסל משום ביאה – if he comes upon the daughter of a Kohen, he has disqualified her from consuming Terumah/priest’s due.

ואינו פוסל משום זרע – if she ha seed as the daughter of a Kohen from an Israelite man, it is legitimate.

נכבש – he was pressed and came upon her.

הרי זה עבד – for the daughter of a maid-servanet is like her.

היתה אם אביו בת כהן לישראל תאכל בתרומה – if his father died, even though the child exists, and it is merely aa child who disqualifies; this one does not disqualify for it is not after her father that we judge him, for it is not his seed.

והשוטה. אפילו ע״י חופה וקידושין לא פוסל ולא מאכיל, שאין קנינו קנין:

נחתך העובר שבמעיה תאכל. מיד. והוא הדין אם ילדתו ומת:

עיברה לא תאכל. שהעובר אינו מאכיל:

גדול משל אב. שהבועל אינו מאכיל לפי שלא בא עליה לשם קדושין ולאו קנינו היא, ובנו מאכיל:

העבד פוסל משום ביאה. אם בא על הכהנת פסלה מלאכול בתרומה:

ואינו פוסל משום זרע. אם יש לה זרע לבת כהן מישראל כשר:

נכבש. נדחק ובא עליה:

הרי זה עבד. שולד שפחה כמוה:

היתה אם אביו בת כהן לישראל תאכל בתרומה. אם מת אביו, אף על גב דהולד קיים ובעלמא ולד פוסל, האי לא פסיל, דלאו בתר אבוה שדינן ליה דלאו זרעו הוא:

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