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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Yevamos 10:4 - 10:5

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, November 28, 2023 is Yevamos 10:4 - 10:5

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 10 Mishnah 4

יבמות פרק י׳ משנה ד׳

4
In the case of one whose wife went overseas and people came and told him: Your wife is dead, and he married her sister, and afterward his wife came back from overseas, the original wife is permitted to return to him, as his erroneous marriage to her sister is considered licentious sexual relations, and one who has intercourse with his wife’s relatives has not rendered his first wife forbidden to himself. And he is permitted to the relatives of the second woman, e.g., her daughter, and this second woman is permitted to his relatives, e.g., his son, as the marriage was entirely invalid. And if the first woman died he is permitted to the second woman, despite the fact that he has already engaged in forbidden relations with her. If they said to him that his wife is dead, and he married her sister, and afterward they said to him that she was alive when he married the sister and only later died, in this case the first child, born to the sister while his wife was still alive, is a mamzer, as he was born from the union of a man and his sister-in-law, and the last one is not a mamzer. Rabbi Yosei says: Whoever disqualifies others also disqualifies himself, and whoever does not disqualify others does not disqualify himself either. Rabbi Yosei’s obscure statement will be explained by the Gemara.
מִי שֶׁהָלְכָה אִשְׁתּוֹ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּאת אִשְׁתּוֹ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. הוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹת שְׁנִיָּה, וּשְׁנִיָּה מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו. וְאִם מֵתָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, מֻתָּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לוֹ, קַיֶּמֶת הָיְתָה, וּמֵתָה, הַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן מַמְזֵר, וְהָאַחֲרוֹן אֵינוֹ מַמְזֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁפּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, פּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין פּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, אֵינוֹ פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ:
ד׳

מותרת לחזור לו – for the second betrothal is not anything, and he came upon her in prostitution, and we say in the Gemara (Tractate Yevamot 95a) (Numbers 5:13): “in that a man has had carnal relations with her [unbeknown to her husband , and she keeps secret the fact that she has defiled herself without being forced],” her carnal relations forbid her, but the carnal relations of her sister do not forbid her.

ומותר בקרובות השניה – to marry her (i.e. second wife’s) daughter for ewe hold that one marries the outraged or seduced woman.

רבי יוסי אומר כל שפוסל ע"י אחרים פוסל ע"י עצמו – Rabbi Yosi is the attendant of the first Tanna/teacher when he says, it makes no difference that his wife went and his brother-in-law (wife’s sister’s husband) who is the husband of his wife’s sister abroad nor whether his betrothed and his brother-in-law went and they came and said to him: “your wife died and your brother-in-law died,” and he married her sister and afterwards, his wife and his brother-in-law came; the wife of his brother-in-law is prohibited to his brother-in-law and his wife is permitted to him. And Rabbi Yosi said to him: His betrothed and his brother-in-law, for one is able to state that there was a condition in the betrothal, and this one who married her sister , married well, and requires a Jewish bill of divorce from him, so that they don’t say that a married woman goes out [from a marriage] without a Jewish bill of divorce for it invalidates her in regards to others, which are his brother-in-law, for since she left him with a Jewish bill of divorce, it invalidates her from her husband, it also invalidates her for marriage for himself and his wife is forbidden to himself because she is the sister of his divorced wife. But, where his wife and his brother-in-law went abroad and he married her sister that one is not able to say that there was condition for him in the marriage, and he married her well to this one, where it is possible to say that with regard to betrothal, one does not require a Jewish bill of divorce from him and does not invalidate [his wife] to others, for he did not invalidate the wife of his brother-in-law to his brother-in-law, he doesn’t invalidate her for himself. And his wife is permitted to him for she is not the sister of his divorced wife.

מותרת לחזור לו. דקדושי שניה אינן כלום ובזנות בא עליה. ואמרינן בגמרא ושכב איש אותה (במדבר ח), שכיבתה אוסרתה ואין שכיבת אחותה אוסרתה:

ומותר בקרובות השניה. לישא בתה, דקיי״ל נושאים על האנוסה ועל המפותה:

רבי יוסי אומר כל שפוסל ע״י אחרים פוסל ע״י עצמו. ר׳ יוסי שמעיה לתנא קמא דקאמר לא שנא דאזלי אשתו וגיסו שהוא בעל אחות אשתו למדינת הים ולא שנא דאזלי ארוסתו וגיסו, ובאו ואמרו לו מתה אשתך ומת גיסך ונשא את אחותה ואח״כ באו אשתו וגיסו, אשת גיסו אסורה על גיסו, ואשתו מותרת לו. וא״ל ר׳ יוסי ארוסתו וגיסו דאיכא למימר תנאה הוי בקדושין והאי דנסיב לאחותה שפיר קנסיב ובעיא גט מיניה דלא לימרו אשת איש יוצאת בלא גט, דפסיל לה ע״י אחרים דהיינו גיסו, דכיון דנפקא מיניה בגיטא אפסלא לה מבעלה, פוסל נמי ע״י עצמו ואתסרא ליה אתתיה עליה דהויא אחות גרושתו, אבל היכא דאזלי אשתו וגיסו למדינת הים וקא נסיב לה לאחותה דליכא למימר תנאה הוה ליה בנשואין ושפיר קנסיב לה להאי כדאיכא למימר באירוסין, ולא בעיא גט מיניה ולא קפסיל ע״י אחרים דהא לא פסלה אשת גיסו אגיסו, אינו פוסל ע״י עצמו, ושריא ליה איתתיה שהרי אינה אחות גרושתו:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 10 Mishnah 5

יבמות פרק י׳ משנה ה׳

5
Witnesses said to a husband: Your wife is dead, and he married her paternal sister, and witnesses subsequently told him that his second wife was dead and he married her maternal sister; afterward witnesses said that this one too was dead and he married her paternal sister; finally they told him that she was dead and he married the last woman’s maternal sister, and then they were all discovered to be alive. In this case he is permitted to his first wife, and to the third and to the fifth. Since these women are not sisters, his betrothal to them is effective. Consequently, if he died and one of them entered into levirate marriage, they exempt their rival wives. But he is forbidden to the second and fourth wife, each of whom is the sister of his original wife. Therefore, if he passed away and the yavam had relations with one of them, his relations with any one of them does not exempt her rival wife, as she was forbidden to his brother, which means there was no mitzva of levirate marriage here at all. And if he had relations with the second woman in the aforementioned list after the death of the first, i.e., the first one indeed died but the other rumors were all false, in that case he is permitted to the second and the fourth, who are his lawful wives, and they exempt their rival wives, and he is forbidden to the third and the fifth, the sisters of the women married to him, and the sexual relations of the brother with any one of them does not exempt her rival wife.
אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאָבִיהָ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאִמָּהּ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאָבִיהָ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאִמָּהּ, וְנִמְצְאוּ כֻלָּן קַיָּמוֹת, מֻתָּר בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית, וּבַחֲמִישִׁית, וּפוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְאָסוּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְבִיעִית, וְאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. וְאִם בָּא עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה לְאַחַר מִיתַת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, מֻתָּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְבִיעִית, וּפוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְאָסוּר בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית וּבַחֲמִישִׁית, וְאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ:
ה׳

אמרו לו מתה אשתך ונשא אחותה מאביה – [he married his sister from her father] that was not from her mother and they retracted and said to him: “the second degree (i.e., first cousin) died,” and he married the sister of the second degree from her mother and not from her father, and it was found that this third [wife] is a stranger regarding the first wife. And they retracted and said to him, that the third-degree wife had died and he married the sister of the third wife from her father but not from her mother. It was found that the fourth is distant from the second, and all the more so, from the first. And they retracted and said to him, that this fourth wife had died,

ונשא אחותה מאמה – and he married her sister from her mother, and she is distant from the third, and similarly from the fist and second, and afterwards, they said to them that all of them are living.

מותר בראשונה ובשלישית ובחמישית – who are not related to each other, and even though the third [wife] is the sister of the second [wife], it is permitted for the betrothal of the betrothal of the second did not take effect because she is the wife’s sister to the first [wife] whom he took [as a wife] earlier, and she is like a ravaged or seduced woman and [it is taught In a Baraitha] that if he ravaged a woman, it is permitted [for him] to marry her daughter for the Torah did not prohibit other than the wife’s sister alone, and where Kiddushin/betrothal did not take effect, she is not his wife’s sister, and similarly, the fifth [wife] even though she is the sister of the fourth [wife] she is permitted [to him] for since Kiddushin/betrothal effect with the third [wife], it is found that sexual connection with the fourth [wife] who is the sister of the third is considered a coition of prostitution, and the [fifth wife] is not forbidden to him.

ופוטרות צרותיהן – if he died and the levir came and performed levirate marriage with of them, it exempts her rival wife.

ואסור בשניה – because o the first [wife] and the fourth because of the third.

ואם בא על השנייה לאחר מיתת הראשונה – for the words were true of the first [wife] , and the rest of the words were lies, he is prohibited to the third [wife] because of the second [wife] and on the fifth [wife] because of the fourth [wife].

אמרו לו מתה אשתך ונשא אחותה מאביה. שלא מאמה, וחזרו ואמרו לו מתה השניה, ונשא אחותה של השניה מאמה ולא מאביה, ונמצאת זו השלישית נכריה אצל הראשונה, וחזרו ואמרו לו מתה זו השלישית, ונשא אחותה של שלישית זו מאביה ולא מאמה, נמצאת רביעית רחוקה מן השניה וכ״ש מן הראשונה, וחזרו ואמרו לו מתה זאת הרביעית:

ונשא אחותה מאמה. והיא רחוקה מן השלישית וכן מן הראשונה ומן השניה, ואחר כך אמרו לו כולן קיימות:

מותר בראשונה בשלישית ובחמישית. שאינן קרובות זו לזו. ואף על פי שהשלישית אחות השניה, שריא, דקדושי שניה לא תפסי, דאחות אשה היא לראשונה שלקחה מקודם, והויא לה כאנוסה ומפותה, ותניא, אנס אשה מותר לישא בתה, דלא אסרה תורה אלא אחות אשה בלבד, והיכא דלא תפסי קדושין לאו אחות אשה היא. וכן החמישית אע״פ שהיא אחות הרביעית, מותרת, דהואיל ותפסי קדושין בשלישית נמצאת ביאת רביעית שהיא אחות שלישית ביאת זנות ולא נאסרה חמישית עליו:

ופוטרות צרותיהן. אם מת ובא יבם ויבם אחת מהן פוטרת צרתה:

ואסור בשניה. מפני הראשונה. וברביעית מפני השלישית:

ואם בא על השניה לאחר מיתת הראשונה. שאמת היו הדברים של ראשונה, ושאר הדברים שקר היו, אסור בשלישית מפני השניה ובחמישית מפני הרביעית:

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