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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Kesuvos 11:5 - 11:6

The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, February 12, 2024 is Kesuvos 11:5 - 11:6

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 11 Mishnah 5

כתובות פרק י"א משנה ה׳

5
The halakha with regard to the assessment of the judges of the value of a piece of property in order to sell it is as follows: Where they decreased the price by one-sixth of its market value or added one-sixth to its market value, their sale is void. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Their sale is valid. If it were so that the sale is void, then what advantage is there to the power of the court over an ordinary person? However, if they made a document of inspection, i.e., an announcement that people should come to inspect the field and bid on the property, then even if they sold property worth one hundred dinars for two hundred dinars, or sold property worth two hundred dinars for one hundred dinars, their sale is valid, as the transaction was agreed upon and done publicly.
שׁוּם הַדַּיָּנִין שֶׁפִּחֲתוּ שְׁתוּת אוֹ הוֹסִיפוּ שְׁתוּת, מִכְרָן בָּטֵל. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִכְרָן קַיָּם. אִם כֵּן מַה כֹּחַ בֵּית דִּין יָפֶה. אֲבָל אִם עָשׂוּ אִגֶּרֶת בִּקֹּרֶת, אֲפִלּוּ מָכְרוּ שָׁוֶה מָנֶה בְּמָאתַיִם, אוֹ שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם בְּמָנֶה, מִכְרָן קַיָּם:
ה׳

אגרת בקורת – an announcement that through this announcement, people inspect her and in this, the First Tanna/teacher agrees with Rabban Gamaliel and the Halakha is according to the First Tanna.

אגרת בקורת. הכרזה. שעל ידי ההכרזה בני אדם מבקרים בה. ובהא מודה תנא קמא לרבן שמעון בן גמליאל. והלכה כתנא קמא:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 11 Mishnah 6

כתובות פרק י"א משנה ו׳

6
An orphan girl who was married off by her mother or brother before reaching the age of majority may refuse to continue living with her husband upon reaching the age of majority, thereby retroactively annulling their marriage. In the case of one who refuses to continue living with her husband in this manner; and in the case of a woman who is a secondary forbidden relative by rabbinic law; and in the case of a sexually underdeveloped woman [ailonit], who is incapable of bearing children, each of these women is not entitled to payment of a marriage contract; and they are not entitled to remuneration for the produce that the husband consumed; and they are not entitled to sustenance; and they are not entitled to their worn clothes that were brought in to the marriage as part of their dowry and became worn out during the marriage. If, from the start, he married her with the understanding that she is an ailonit, then she is entitled to payment of a marriage contract. In the case of a widow who married a High Priest; or a divorcée or a yevama who performed ḥalitza and later married a common priest; or a daughter born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzeret] who married an Israelite; or a Gibeonite woman who married an Israelite; or a Jewish woman who married a Gibeonite or a mamzer, although each of these unions is prohibited by Torah law, the woman is still entitled to payment of a marriage contract.
הַמְמָאֶנֶת, הַשְּׁנִיָּה, וְהָאַיְלוֹנִית, אֵין לָהֶם כְּתֻבָּה וְלֹא פֵרוֹת, וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת. וְאִם מִתְּחִלָּה נְשָׂאָהּ לְשֵׁם אַיְלוֹנִית, יֶשׁ לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה. אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְנָתִין וּלְמַמְזֵר, יֶשׁ לָהֶן כְּתֻבָּה:
ו׳

השנייה – incest of second degree which is from the enactments of the Soferim.

אין להם כתובה – [worth] a Maneh or two hundred. She refuses because she leaves on her own. The second decree [incest] is fined by the Rabbis because she persuades him to marry her and she doesn’t lose anything in her marriage, for she is not made ritually invalid through them and her offspring is ritually valid. A sterile woman/incapable of conception [does not receive her Ketubah] because it is a business transaction in error.

ולא פירות – the usufruct that the husband consumed we don’t remove from him.

ולא מזונות – an example such as if she borrowed and consumed while still under him (i.e., his domain) and afterwards, refused [to be married to him], the husband is not liable for her support while she is under him (i.e., in his domain), and the second degree [incest] and the woman incapable of conception/sterile have no support while they are under him and all the more so, if they borrowed and consumed for the husband is not obligated to pay.

ולא בלאות – that were lost or worn out completely whether from the usufruct (the wife’s estate of which the husband has the fruition without responsibility for loss or deterioration) or from the wife’s estate held by her husband, which in case of her death or divorce, he must restore in specie, being responsible with all his landed property for loss or deterioration (i.e. mort-main), the woman who refuses to marry her husband cannot remove from them from the hand of her husband but the worn-out garments (or the woman’s right to claim compensation for the wear or ruin of the things which she brought along as her property, whether she refuses him in marriage or is second-degree of incest or is a sterile woman, and even if she ran about as a prostitute, she does not lose her worn-out garments/claim for compensation for the wear or ruin of things which she brought along as her property, but the woman charged with second-degree incest has no claim for compensation for the wear or ruin of things which she brought along as her property of the usufruct, but she does have the compensation for wear or ruin of things of the mort-main.

השניה. שניות לעריות, שהן מדברי סופרים:

אין להם כתובה. מנה מאתיים. ממאנת, משום דמעצמה יוצאה. שניה, קנסוה רבנן מפני שהיא מרגילתו לנשאה שאינה נפסדת כלום בנשואין שהרי אינה נפסלת בהן וולדה כשר. אילונית, משום דמקח טעות הוא:

ולא פירות. הפירות שאכל הבעל אין מוציאין ממנו:

ולא מזונות. כגון אם לותה ואכלה בעודה תחתיו ואחר כך מיאנה, אין הבעל חייב לשלם. אבל חייב במזונותיה בעודה תחתיו. והשניה והאילונית אין להם מזונות בעודן תחתיו, וכל שכן אם לוו ואכלו שאין הבעל חייב לשלם:

ולא בלאות. שנאבדו ובלו לגמרי. בין מנכסי מלוג בין מנכסי צאן ברזל אין הממאנת יכולה להוציא מיד בעלה. אבל בלאותיה הקיימים נוטלת לעולם, בין הממאנת בין השניה בין האילונית ואפילו זנתה לא הפסידה בלאותיה הקיימים. והשניה אין לה בלאות של נכסי מלוג, אבל בלאות של נכסי צאן ברזל יש לה:

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