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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Kesuvos 13:5 - 13:6

The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, February 17, 2024 is Kesuvos 13:5 - 13:6

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 13 Mishnah 5

כתובות פרק י"ג משנה ה׳

5
The mishna states another case involving a ruling of Admon. With regard to one who promises and apportions money for his son-in-law as a dowry, and he went bankrupt, and he now claims that he does not have the money to fulfill his financial obligations, the betrothed woman can be left to sit unwed in her father’s house until her head turns white. If the groom does not wish to marry without a dowry he cannot be forced to do so, as the father failed to fulfill his promise. Admon says that she can say: Had I apportioned the money myself and broken my promise, I would agree to sit until my head turns white. However, now that my father was the one who apportioned the dowry, what can I do? Either marry me or release me by a bill of divorce. Rabban Gamliel said: I see as correct the statement of Admon.
הַפּוֹסֵק מָעוֹת לַחֲתָנוֹ וּפָשַׁט לוֹ אֶת הָרֶגֶל, תֵּשֵׁב עַד שֶׁיַּלְבִּין רֹאשָׁהּ. אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, יְכוֹלָה הִיא שֶׁתֹּאמַר, אִלּוּ אֲנִי פָסַקְתִּי לְעַצְמִי, אֵשֵׁב עַד שֶׁיַּלְבִּין רֹאשִׁי. עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁאַבָּא פָסַק עָלַי, מָה אֲנִי יְכוֹלָה לַעֲשׂוֹת, אוֹ כְנֹס אוֹ פְטֹר. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, רוֹאֶה אֲנִי אֶת דִּבְרֵי אַדְמוֹן:
ה׳

ופשט את הרגל – it is the language of contempt/disgrace, meaning to say, “take the plaster and dust that is under my feet. Another explanation: “Suspend me by my feet on the tree, for I lack what I can give to you” (i.e., he defaulted). And Maimonides explained, “and he shows him the foot”/ופשט את הרגל (i.e., refuses to give it to him), that he walked on the road from afar.

עד שתלבין ראשה – until she gets old and we don’t force him neither to marry [her] or to set her free.

ופשט לו את הרגל. לשון בזיון, כלומר טול טיט ואבק שתחת רגלי. פירוש אחר, תלה אותי ברגלי על העץ, שאין לי מה ליתן לך. ורמב״ם פירש ופשט לו את הרגל, שהלך בדרך מרחוק:

עד שתלבין ראשה. עד שתזקין. ואין כופין אותו לא לכנוס ולא לפטור:

אדמון אומר כו׳ והלכה כאדמון:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 13 Mishnah 6

כתובות פרק י"ג משנה ו׳

6
With regard to one who contests ownership of a field, claiming that a field under the control of someone else actually belongs to him, and the claimant himself is signed as a witness on the bill of sale to that other person, Admon says: His signature does not disprove his claim of ownership of the property, as it is possible that the claimant said to himself: The second person is easier for me, as I can reason with him, but the first owner, who sold the field to the current holder, is more difficult to deal with than him. The claimant might have been afraid to protest against the first one, who is perhaps violent, and therefore he was even willing to sign as a witness to transfer the field to the control of someone more amenable to his ensuing protest. And the Rabbis say: He has lost his right to contest ownership, as he signed a bill of sale that states that the field belongs to the present holder. If he established that field as a marker for another field, everyone agrees that he has lost his right. In other words, if the claimant wrote a document concerning another field and in that document he listed the first field as a boundary marker and described it as belonging to someone else, even Admon concedes that he has lost his right, as he had no reason to say it belonged to someone else other than his belief this was in fact the case.
הָעוֹרֵר עַל הַשָּׂדֶה וְהוּא חָתוּם עָלֶיהָ בְעֵד, אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא שֶׁיֹּאמַר, הַשֵּׁנִי נֹחַ לִי וְהָרִאשׁוֹן קָשֶׁה הֵימֶנּוּ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אִבֵּד אֶת זְכוּתוֹ. עֲשָׂאָהּ סִימָן לְאַחֵר, אִבֵּד אֶת זְכוּתוֹ:
ו׳

העורר על השדה וכו' – Reuven protests concerning the field that is in the hand of Shimon, and says to him: “Levi who sold it to you stole it from me, and he is inscribed on the bill of sale that Levi wrote to Shimon who sold it to him.

אדמון אומר יכול הוא שיאמר – just as I did not protest at the time when you purchased this field from Levi and I signed/inscribed as a witness in the midst of the document because Levi is a strong man and difficult to remove something from his hand, it was pleasant for me that it should be in your hand than that I would [try] to remove it from you in court.

אבד את זכותו – for since and he signed, he admitted that he had no business with this, but the Halakha is not like Admon, and especially when he signed it as a witness, this is what Admon and the Sages were arguing about, but if he is signed as a judge to uphold the document, everyone agrees that he did not lose his right because he would be able to say: “I did not know what was written in the document for the judge who signs as the legal endorsement of a note, stating that it has been produced in court and found valid – to uphold the document and it is not necessary that he knew what was written in the document other than that he should recognize the signatures alone.

העורר על השדה וכו׳ ראובן מערער על השדה שביד שמעון ואומר לו, לוי שמכר לך גזלה ממני, והוא חתום על שטר המכירה שכתב לוי לשמעון שמכר לו:

אדמון אומר יכול הוא שיאמר. מה שלא ערערתי בשעה שלקחת שדה זו מלוי וחתמתי עד בתוך השטר, לפי שלוי אדם חזק וקשה להוציאה מידו ונוח לי שתהא בידך שאוציאנה ממך בדין:

איבד את זכותו. דהואיל וחתם הודה שאין לו עסק בה. ואין הלכה כאדמון. ודוקא כשחתם בה בעד הוא דפליגי אדמון וחכמים, אבל אם הוא חתום בדיין לקיים את השטר, הכל מודים שלא איבד את זכותו, מפני שיכול לומר לא הייתי יודע מה שכתוב בשטר, שהדיין החותם על ההנפק לקיים את השטר אין צריך שידע מה שכתוב בשטר אלא שיכיר חתימת העדים בלבד:

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