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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Nedarim 9:10 - 10:1

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, March 26, 2024 is Nedarim 9:10 - 10:1

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Nedarim Perek 9 Mishnah 10

נדרים פרק ט׳ משנה י׳

10
The mishna continues: If a man said: Marrying ugly so-and-so is konam for me, and she is in fact beautiful, or if, in vowing not to marry her, he called her black, and she is in fact white, or if, in vowing not to marry her, he called her short, and she is in fact tall, he is permitted to her. Not because she was ugly and became beautiful, black and became white, or short and became tall, but rather, because the vow was mistaken from the outset. The Gemara relates: And an incident occurred with regard to one who vowed against deriving benefit from the daughter of his sister, as he did not wish to marry her. And they brought her into the house of Rabbi Yishmael and he beautified her. When she was later brought before the one who took the vow, Rabbi Yishmael said to him: My son, did you vow that you would not derive benefit from this woman? He said to him: No, and Rabbi Yishmael permitted her to him, as he demonstrated that the vow had been made in error. At that time Rabbi Yishmael wept and said: The daughters of Israel are beautiful, but poverty makes them ugly. And when Rabbi Yishmael died, the daughters of Israel raised a lamentation, saying: Daughters of Israel, weep for Rabbi Yishmael. And it likewise states about Saul, who also concerned himself with the welfare of the daughters of Israel: “Daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet with other delights, who put ornaments of gold upon your apparel” (II Samuel 1:24).
קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹשֵׂא אֶת פְּלוֹנִית כְּעוּרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא נָאָה. שְׁחוֹרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא לְבָנָה. קְצָרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא אֲרֻכָּה, מֻתָּר בָּהּ. לֹא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְעוּרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית נָאָה, שְׁחוֹרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית לְבָנָה, קְצָרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית אֲרֻכָּה, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַנֶּדֶר טָעוּת. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מִבַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ הֲנָיָה, וְהִכְנִיסוּהָ לְבֵית רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְיִפּוּהָ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, בְּנִי, לָזוֹ נָדָרְתָּ. אָמַר לוֹ, לָאו. וְהִתִּירוֹ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה בָּכָה רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְאָמַר, בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נָאוֹת הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָעֲנִיּוּת מְנַוַּלְתָּן. וּכְשֶׁמֵּת רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, הָיוּ בְנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹשְׂאוֹת קִינָה וְאוֹמְרוֹת, בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּכֶינָה. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשָׁאוּל (שמואל ב א) בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל שָׁאוּל בְּכֶינָה:
י׳

אלא שהנדר טעות – from its essence, for at the time of the vow, she was white, and it doesn’t require a request made to a Sage [to release him from his vow].

מעשה באחד שנדר וכו' – In the Gemara (Tractate Nedarim 66a), it explains that the Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows: Rabbi Yishmael states: Even if she was ugly and became pretty/beautiful; black and became white, and there is a story/episode also, etc., for the first Tanna/teacher did not permit other than at a time when the vow was in error from its essence, such as, for example, that she was beautiful at the time of the vow. But Rabbi Yishmael holds that even though she didn’t become beautiful until after the vow [was taken], the vow is annulled, for since one can make her beautiful, she was not ugly from the beginning. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yishmael.

אלא שהנדר טעות. מעיקרו, שבשעת הנדר היתה לבנה, ואינו צריך שאלה לחכם:

מעשה באחד שנדר וכו׳ בגמרא מפרש דחסורי מחסרא והכי קתני, רבי ישמעאל אומר אפילו כעורה ונעשית יפה, שחורה ונעשית לבנה, ומעשה נמי וכו׳. דת״ק לא שרי אלא בזמן שהיה הנדר טעות מעיקרו, כגון שהיתה יפה בשעת הנדר. ורבי ישמעאל סבר שאע״פ שלא נעשית יפה אלא לאחר הנדר, הנדר מותר, דכיון שיכולין ליפותה לא היתה כעורה מעיקרא. ואין הלכה כרבי ישמעאל:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Nedarim Perek 10 Mishnah 1

נדרים פרק י׳ משנה א׳

1
With regard to a betrothed young woman, her father and her husband together nullify her vows. If the father nullified her vow and the husband did not nullify it, or if the husband nullified it and the father did not nullify it, then the vow is not nullified. And needless to say, it is not nullified if one of them ratified the vow.
נַעֲרָה הַמְאֹרָסָה, אָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ מְפֵרִין נְדָרֶיהָ. הֵפֵר הָאָב וְלֹא הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל, הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל וְלֹא הֵפֵר הָאָב, אֵינוֹ מוּפָר, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁקִּיֵּם אֶחָד מֵהֶן:
א׳

נערה המאורסה – a girl who is twelve years and one-day old, and who brought forth two [pubic] hairs, is called a נערה/a young woman/lass, until six months. But a woman who is eleven years and one-day old, her vows are examined, if she knew for whom she made the vow, and in the name of whom she sanctified, her vow is vow, and even regarding her, her father and her husband annul her vows.

הפר האב ולא הפר הבעל – because it was possible to err and to explain [the phrase]: “her father and her husband annul her vows,”/"אביה ובעלה מפירין נדריה" as or her father or her husband, it teaches in he Mishnah:"הפר האב ולא הפר הבעל"/”if her father annulled her vows, but not her husband, etc.,” to inform us that both need to nullify [her vows].

ואין צריך לומר שקיים אחד מהם – if one of them confirmed [her vows] the second is not able to nullify them. But this tells us that even though the even though that one of them (i.e., the father or the husband was consulted that he established his confirmation, as we hold, we consult on the confirmation (i.e, the privilege of confirming a vow – see also Tractate Nedarim 10:7), , this one who was asked for confirmation cannot nullify any further, since both of them are not able to nullify [a vow] at the same time.

נערה המאורסה. בת שתים עשרה שנה ויום אחד והביאה שתי שערות קרויה נערה, עד ששה חדשים. ובת י״א שנה ויום אחד, נדריה נבדקים, אם ידעה לשם מי נדרה ולשם מי הקדישה, נדרה נדר, ואף היא אביה ובעלה מפירין נדריה:

הפר האב ולא הפר הבעל. משום דהוה אפשר למטעי ולפרש אביה ובעלה מפירין נדריה, או אביה או בעלה, תנא הפר האב ולא הפר הבעל וכו׳, לאשמועינן דתרווייהו צריכין להפר:

ואין צריך לומר שקיים אחד מהם. שאם קיים אחד מהם אין השני יכול להפר. והא קמשמע לן שאע״פ שנשאל האחד מהם שקיים על הקמתו, כדקיי״ל נשאלים על ההיקם, אין זה שנשאל על ההיקם יכול להפר יותר, הואיל ולא היו יכולים שניהם להפר בבת אחת:

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