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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Kiddushin 4:9 - 4:10

The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, August 5, 2024 is Kiddushin 4:9 - 4:10

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Kiddushin Perek 4 Mishnah 9

קידושין פרק ד׳ משנה ט׳

9
In a case of one who authorized his agent to betroth his daughter to a man that the agent would deem fit, and the father went and betrothed her to someone else, if his betrothal preceded that of the agent, his betrothal is a valid betrothal; and if the betrothal of his agent preceded his own, the betrothal of the agent is a valid betrothal. And if it is not known whose betrothal came first, both men who might have betrothed her give her a bill of divorce in order to render her permitted to marry someone else. And if they wish and agree between them, one gives a bill of divorce and the other marries her. And similarly, with regard to a woman who authorized her agent to betroth her and she then went and betrothed herself to someone else, if her own betrothal preceded that of the agent, her betrothal is a valid betrothal, and if that of her agent preceded hers, the agent’s betrothal is a valid betrothal. And if they do not know whose betrothal came first, both men who may have betrothed her give her a bill of divorce. And if they wish, one may give a bill of divorce and the other marries her.
מִי שֶׁנָּתַן רְשׁוּת לִשְׁלוּחוֹ לְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת בִּתּוֹ וְהָלַךְ הוּא וְקִדְּשָׁהּ, אִם שֶׁלּוֹ קָדְמוּ, קִדּוּשָׁיו קִדּוּשִׁין. וְאִם שֶׁל שְׁלוּחוֹ קָדְמוּ, קִדּוּשָׁיו קִדּוּשִׁין. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ, שְׁנֵיהֶם נוֹתְנִים גֵּט. וְאִם רָצוּ, אֶחָד נוֹתֵן גֵּט וְאֶחָד כּוֹנֵס. וְכֵן הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּתְנָה רְשׁוּת לִשְׁלוּחָהּ לְקַדְּשָׁהּ, וְהָלְכָה וְקִדְּשָׁהּ אֶת עַצְמָהּ, אִם שֶׁלָּהּ קָדְמוּ, קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ קִדּוּשִׁין. וְאִם שֶׁל שְׁלוּחָהּ קָדְמוּ, קִדּוּשָׁיו קִדּוּשִׁין. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ, שְׁנֵיהֶם נוֹתְנִין לָהּ גֵּט. וְאִם רָצוּ, אֶחָד נוֹתֵן לָהּ גֵּט וְאֶחָד כּוֹנֵס:
ט׳

וכן האשה שנתנה רשות לשלוחה – it was necessary for the Tanna [of our Mishnah] to inform us that the father that made [someone] his agent to betroth his daughter and a woman that made [someone] her agent to betroth herself, for had [the Mishnah] only mentioned [the case of] the father, I would think that the father that has established his traced genealogy, and when he found that he is of legitimate descent, he betrothed her to himself. And the case where say that he annulled his agent, but a woman who does not establish a traced genealogy, even though she betrothed herself, we don’t rely upon her betrothal, nor did she annul the agent, for she thought that perhaps, the agent would find a person of greater connection than this. And if we only mention about the woman, I would think that because the woman carefully investigates and marries, when she betroths herself, she voids the agent. But the man, who is not strict about his daughter, if she marries any husband, he has not voided the agency of the agent, and he who came first and betrothed her, though that perhaps he is not found. It is necessary. (See Tractate Kiddushin 79a)

וכן האשה שנתנה רשות לשלוחה. אצטריך תנא לאשמועינן באב שעשה שליח לקדש את בתו ובאשה שעשתה שליח לקדש את עצמה. דאי אשמועינן באב, ה״א אב דקים ליה ביוחסין, וכשמצא מיוחס זה קידשה לו, הוא דאמרינן דבטל את השליח אבל אתתא דלא קים לה ביוחסין אע״ג דקדשה את עצמה לא סמכה על קדושיה ולא בטלה את השליח, דסברה דלמא משכח שליח אדם מיוחס מזה. ואי אשמועינן בדידה, הוה אמינא משום דאתתא דייקא ומנסבא, כי קדשה עצמה בטלה את השליח, אבל אב דלא קפיד על בתו אם תנשא לבעל כל דהו, לא בטליה לשליחות דשליח, והאי דקדים וקדשה, סבר דלמא לא משכח, צריכא:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Kiddushin Perek 4 Mishnah 10

קידושין פרק ד׳ משנה י׳

10
With regard to one who went overseas with his wife, and returned with his wife and children, and said: This is the woman who went overseas with me and these are her children, he is not required to bring proof with regard to the lineage of the woman, since her lineage was already investigated at the time of their marriage, nor with regard to the lineage of the children. If he returned without the woman and said: My wife died and these are her children, he must bring proof that the children were born to his wife, but he does not need to bring proof with regard to the lineage of the woman.
מִי שֶׁיָּצָא הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֹ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וּבָא הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֹ וּבָנָיו וְאָמַר, אִשָּׁה שֶׁיָּצָאת עִמִּי לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם הֲרֵי הִיא זוֹ וְאֵלּוּ בָנֶיהָ, אֵין צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא רְאָיָה, לֹא עַל הָאִשָּׁה וְלֹא עַל הַבָּנִים. מֵתָה וְאֵלּוּ בָנֶיהָ, מֵבִיא רְאָיָה עַל הַבָּנִים וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא רְאָיָה עַל הָאִשָּׁה:
י׳

אינו צריך להביא ראיה לא על האשה – for she is of distinguished birth/well-connected , for she was examined when she got married.

ולא על הבנים – the small children who are clinging to/running after their mother.

אינו צריך להביא ראיה לא על האשה. שהיא מיוחסת, שכבר בדקה כשנשאה:

ולא על הבנים. בבנים קטנים שכרוכים אחרי אמן:

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