Mishnah.org Logo

Today's Mishnah Yomi

Bava Kamma 4:4 - 4:5

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, August 20, 2024 is Bava Kamma 4:4 - 4:5

＜ Previous DayTodayNext Day ＞

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 4 Mishnah 4

בבא קמא פרק ד׳ משנה ד׳

4
If an ox of a halakhically competent person gored an ox of a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor, all of whom are not considered halakhically competent, the owner is liable for damages. But if an ox of a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor gored an ox of a halakhically competent person, the owner of the ox is exempt from liability. If an ox belonging to a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor gored another ox and caused damage, the court appoints a steward for them and warns them with regard to the ox that gored in the presence of the steward. The ox is thereby rendered a forewarned ox, since the steward is considered its owner with regard to the requirement of the verse: “And warning has been given to its owner” (Exodus 21:29). If, after the ox was rendered forewarned in this manner, the deaf-mute regained his hearing, the imbecile became halakhically competent, or the minor reached the age of majority, the ox has thereby reverted to its status of innocuousness. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir, who maintains that the ox had the status of a forewarned ox only while it was under the custody of the steward. Rabbi Yosei says: It retains its previous status of being forewarned. If a stadium [ha’itztadin] ox, i.e., one that is trained to fight in a stadium, gores and kills a person, it is not liable to be put to death, as it is stated: “And if an ox gores a man or a woman” (Exodus 21:28). This is referring only to an ox that gores on its own initiative, but not to the case of an ox where others induced it to gore. Therefore, the owner of a stadium ox, which is trained to gore, is exempt from liability if it does.
שׁוֹר שֶׁל פִּקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שֶׁל חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, חַיָּב. וְשֶׁל חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שֶׁל פִּקֵּחַ, פָּטוּר. שׁוֹר שֶׁל חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן שֶׁנָּגַח, בֵּית דִּין מַעֲמִידִין לָהֶן אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס וּמְעִידִין לָהֶן בִּפְנֵי אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס. נִתְפַּקַּח הַחֵרֵשׁ, נִשְׁתַּפָּה הַשּׁוֹטֶה וְהִגְדִּיל הַקָּטָן, חָזַר לְתַמּוּתוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הוּא בְחֶזְקָתוֹ. שׁוֹר הָאִצְטָדִין אֵינוֹ חַיָּב מִיתָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כא) כִּי יִגַּח, וְלֹא שֶׁיַּגִּיחוּהוּ:
ד׳

ושל חרש שוטה וקטן שנגח שור של פקח פטור – for we don’t appoint an administrator/guardian for an innocuous ox to collect [damages] from his estate for they are movables, and we stated in the first chapter (Tractate Bava Kamma 14b) an equivalent amount of money teaches that the Jewish court does not need anything other than property from which debts may eventually be collected and we establish this for orphans.

מעמידין להן אפוטרופוסים וכו' – if they (i.e., oxen) are known to be gorers, we appoint for them a guardian/administrator and not to pay one-half damage other than for forewarned oxen, for if it gores again, they pay from the most valuable property and they collect the damages from the land of orphans.

חוזר לתמותו – for he (i.e., Rabbi Meir) holds that if it (i.e., the animal) left the domain of his masters an entered into the domain of other masters, he returns to his [former status] of innocuousness, for a different domain changes the law of its being “forewarned.”

שור האיצטדין – that is designated for goring and they (i.e., the oxen) are instructed in this.

ושל חרש שוטה וקטן שנגח שור של פקח פטור. שאין מעמידין אפוטרופוס לתם לגבות מגופו, דמטלטלי הוא, ואמרינן בפ״ק [דף י״ד] שוה כסף מלמד שאין ב״ד נזקקים אלא לנכסים שיש להן אחריות, ואוקימנא ביתמי:

מעמידין להן אפוטרופוס וכו׳ אם הוחזקו נגחנים, מעמידין להם אפוטרופוס ולא לשלם חצי נזק אלא לשווייה מועד. דכי הדר נגח משלם מן העליה ויגבו הנזק מקרקע של יתומים:

חוזר לתמותו. דקסבר מועד שיצא מרשות בעליו ונכנס לרשות בעלים אחרים חוזר לתמותו. דרשות משונה משנה את דין התראתו:

שור האצטדין. שמיוחד לנגיחות, ומלמדין אותו לכך:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 4 Mishnah 5

בבא קמא פרק ד׳ משנה ה׳

5
With regard to an ox that gored a person and the person died, if the ox was forewarned its owner pays ransom, but if it was innocuous he is exempt from paying the ransom. And both this forewarned ox and that innocuous ox are liable to be put to death for killing a person. And the same halakha applies in a case where the animal killed a boy and the same applies in a case where it killed a girl. If the ox gored and killed a Canaanite slave or a Canaanite maidservant, its owner gives the victim’s master thirty sela, whether he was a slave worth one hundred maneh, i.e., one hundred silver dinars, or worth only one dinar.
שׁוֹר שֶׁנָּגַח אֶת הָאָדָם וָמֵת, מוּעָד, מְשַׁלֵּם כֹּפֶר, וְתָם, פָּטוּר מִן הַכֹּפֶר. וְזֶה וָזֶה חַיָּבִים מִיתָה. וְכֵן בְּבֵן וְכֵן בְּבַת. נָגַח עֶבֶד אוֹ אָמָה, נוֹתֵן שְׁלשִׁים סְלָעִים, בֵּין שֶׁהוּא יָפֶה מָנֶה וּבֵין שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָפֶה אֶלָּא דִּינָר אֶחָד:
ה׳

מועד משלם כופר – and even though that in the first that he (i.e., the ox) gored, we kill it, we find him [now] to be forewarned, as in the example of one that killed three idolaters; alternatively, that it killed three Israelites, it is considered “torn” (as by another animal), for something that is “torn”, we don’t kill it as a man put to death is considered as dead; alternatively, someone who is [sentenced to be] killed and flees to the lake after they testified against him.

וכן בבן וכן בבת – small male child and small female child, he is liable for stoning and ransom like for adults.

מועד משלם כופר. ואע״ג דבקמא דנגח קטלינן ליה, אשכחינן מועד, כגון שהרג שלשה נכרים. אי נמי, שהרג שלשה ישראלים טריפה. דאטריפה לא קטלינן ליה, דגברא קטילא קטיל. אי נמי, דקטיל וערק לאגמא לאחר שהעידו בו:

וכן בבן וכן בבת. תינוק ותינוקת. חייב עליהן סקילה וכופר כגדולים:

Mishnah Yomi FAQ

Still have a question? Contact Us