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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Bava Kamma 8:3 - 8:4

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, September 3, 2024 is Bava Kamma 8:3 - 8:4

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 8 Mishnah 3

בבא קמא פרק ח׳ משנה ג׳

3
The mishna continues: One who strikes his father or his mother but did not cause them to have a bruise, and therefore is not liable to receive court-imposed capital punishment, and one who injures another on Yom Kippur, the punishment for which is not court-imposed capital punishment, is liable to pay for all of the five types of indemnity. One who injures a Hebrew slave is liable to pay for all of the five types of indemnity. This is except for compensation for loss of livelihood suffered during the time that the injured slave belongs to the one that injured him. Since the right to the slave’s labor belongs to his master, his inability to work is his master’s loss. One who injures a Canaanite slave belonging to others is liable to pay for all of the five types of indemnity. Rabbi Yehuda says: Canaanite slaves do not have humiliation, so the one who injures the slave pays only the other four types of indemnity.
הַמַּכֶּה אֶת אָבִיו וְאֶת אִמּוֹ וְלֹא עָשָׂה בָהֶם חַבּוּרָה, וְחוֹבֵל בַּחֲבֵרוֹ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, חַיָּב בְּכֻלָּן. הַחוֹבֵל בְּעֶבֶד עִבְרִי, חַיָּב בְּכֻלָּן חוּץ מִן הַשֶּׁבֶת, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא שֶׁלּוֹ. הַחוֹבֵל בְּעֶבֶד כְּנַעֲנִי שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים, חַיָּב בְּכֻלָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָעֲבָדִים בֹּשֶׁת:
ג׳

החובל בחבירו ביה"כ חייב – even though that in the entire Torah , a person who violates a transgression for which he is liable for flogging and payment, he is flogged but does not pay. Here, he pays and is not flogged. For in the commentary, the Torah widened the scope of the law concerning a person who strikes his fellow for payment and not for stripes, from what is written (Deuteronomy 19:21): “hand for hand,” which is money since it is written (Leviticus 24:19): “as he has done so shall it be done to him.” Why does it say “hand for hand?” But rather to include a person who strikes his fellow on Yom Kippur that pays and does not get flogged.

רבי יהודה אומר אין לעבדים בושת – as it is written (Deuteronomy 25:11): “If two men get into a fight with each other,” for whom that he has brotherhood, excluding a slave who lacks brotherhood. Ut the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

והחובל בחבירו ביום הכיפורים חייב. ואע״ג דבכל התורה כולה העובר עבירה שחייב עליה מלקות ותשלומין לוקה ואינו משלם, הכא משלם ואינו לוקה, דבפירוש ריבתה תורה חובל בחבירו לתשלומין ולא למלקות, מדכתיב (דברים י״ט:כ״א) יד ביד, דהיינו ממון, מכדי כתיב (ויקרא כ״ד:י״ט) כאשר עשה כן יעשה לו, יד ביד למה לי, אלא להביא חובל בחבירו ביום הכיפורים שמשלם ואינו לוקה:

רבי יהודה אומר אין לעבדים בושת. דכתיב (דברים כ״ה:י״א) כי ינצו אנשים יחדיו איש ואחיו, במי שיש לו אחוה, יצא עבד שאין לו אחוה. ואין הלכה כר׳ יהודה:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 8 Mishnah 4

בבא קמא פרק ח׳ משנה ד׳

4
The mishna continues: With regard to a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor, an encounter with them is disadvantageous. In other words, no favorable outcome is possible for someone involved in an incident with one of these people, since one who injures them is liable. But if they were the ones who injured others, they are exempt. This is because they lack awareness and are not responsible for their actions. Similarly, with regard to a slave and a married woman, an encounter with them is disadvantageous, since one who injures them is liable. But if they were the ones who injured others, they are exempt, because they do not have money with which to pay compensation. But they pay compensation at a later time. The exemption is only temporary, as, if the woman becomes divorced or the slave becomes emancipated, and they then have their own money, they are liable to pay compensation.
חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, פְּגִיעָתָן רָעָה. הַחוֹבֵל בָּהֶן חַיָּב, וְהֵם שֶׁחָבְלוּ בַּאֲחֵרִים פְּטוּרִין. הָעֶבֶד וְהָאִשָּׁה, פְּגִיעָתָן רָעָה. הַחוֹבֵל בָּהֶן חַיָּב, וְהֵם שֶׁחָבְלוּ בָּאֲחֵרִים, פְּטוּרִין, אֲבָל מְשַׁלְּמִין לְאַחַר זְמָן. נִתְגָּרְשָׁה הָאִשָּׁה, נִשְׁתַּחְרֵר הָעֶבֶד, חַיָּבִין לְשַׁלֵּם:
ד׳

עבד ואשה שחבלו באחרים פטורים – for they lack what to pay.

נתגרשה האשה ונשתחרר העבד – and they acquired property, they are liable to pay. For at the beginning, they are liable, but they lack what to pay as the usufruct of the wife is mortgaged to her husband for its fruits and for inheritance.

עבד ואשה שחבלו באחרים פטורים. שאין להם במה לשלם:

נתגרשה האשה ונשתחרר העבד. וקנו נכסים. חייבין לשלם. שהרי מתחלה הן חייבין אלא שאין להם מה לשלם. שנכסי מלוג של אשה משועבדים לבעל לפירות ולירושה:

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