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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Bava Kamma 10:8 - 10:9

The Mishnah Yomi for Sunday, September 15, 2024 is Bava Kamma 10:8 - 10:9

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 10 Mishnah 8

בבא קמא פרק י׳ משנה ח׳

8
In the case of one who stole a lamb from a flock and returned it without informing the owner that he had done so, and then it died or was stolen, the thief is liable to pay restitution for it. If the lamb’s owners did not know about the entire incident, i.e., they did not know that it was stolen and they did not know that it was returned, and they counted the flock of sheep and found it whole, the thief is exempt from paying.
הַגּוֹנֵב טָלֶה מִן הָעֵדֶר וְהֶחֱזִירוֹ, וּמֵת אוֹ נִגְנַב, חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ. לֹא יָדְעוּ בְעָלִים לֹא בִגְנֵבָתוֹ וְלֹא בַחֲזִירָתוֹ, וּמָנוּ אֶת הַצֹּאן וּשְׁלֵמָה הִיא, פָּטוּר:
ח׳

חייב באחריותו – for once he stole it, it exists in his domain, and the restoration that he made is not a restoration (without notifying the owner of such).

ואם לא ידעו בו וכו' – This is how our Mishnah is reconciled, he is responsible for it, whether he counted them or not. When is this case? When they (i.e., the owners) did not know of its theft and its restoration. But if they knew of the theft and counted the sheep and found it (i.e., the number) to be complete, he is exempt from paying. And this is its explanation: if the lamb died or was stolen after the thief returned it, the thief is responsible for it – whether the owners had counted the sheep and it is complete, or whether they had not counted the sheep. When is this the case? When the owners did not know about the theft of the lamb, for any of the sheep that regularly go outside, he must be careful with it even more, and this is the case, for since the owners did not know about its theft or that it was accustomed to leave, and they were not careful with it. The thief is liable to pay as the sheep were lost because of his indirect effect. But, if the owners knew about the theft of the lamb, and afterwards counted the sheep and found it to be complete, as the stolen lamb had been returned. If so, they already know that there is one sheep that regularly leaves outside, and they have to be careful with it. But if they were not careful, they would lose, and the thief is exempt from having to pay.

חייב באחריותו. דמכי גנבה קם ליה ברשותיה, והשבה דעבד לאו השבה היא:

ואם לא ידעו בו וכו׳ מתניתין הכי מתרצא, חייב באחריותו בין מנו בין לא מנו. אימתי בזמן שלא ידעו בו הבעלים בגניבתו ובחזרתו. אבל ידעו הבעלים בגנבתו ומנו את הצאן והיא שלימה, פטור מלשלם. והכי פירושה, מת או נגנב הטלה לאחר שהחזירו הגנב, חייב באחריותו, בין שמנו הבעלים הצאן והיא שלימה בין שלא מנו הצאן. אימתי בזמן שלא ידעו הבעלים בגניבת הטלה, שכל צאן שהיא רגילה לצאת חוץ, צריך ליזהר בה ביותר, וזו הואיל ולא ידעו הבעלים בגניבתה ושהיתה למודה לצאת ולא נזהרו בה, חייב הגנב לשלם, שבגרמתו נאבדה הצאן. אבל אם ידעו הבעלים בגניבת הטלה, ואח״כ מנו הצאן ונמצאת שלימה שהוחזר הטלה הגנוב, א״כ כבר ידעו שיש צאן אחת שלמודה לצאת חוץ, והיה להם להזהר בה, ואם לא נזהרו אינהו דאפסוד, ופטור הגנב מלשלם:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 10 Mishnah 9

בבא קמא פרק י׳ משנה ט׳

9
One may not purchase wool, milk, and kids from the shepherds who tend the flocks of others, due to the concern that they have stolen these items from the owners of the flocks. And similarly, one may not purchase wood and produce from produce watchmen. But one may purchase from women woolen goods in Judea, and linen goods in the Galilee, and calves in the Sharon, as women in these locations often work with those commodities and it can be assumed that they are selling the items with the owner’s consent. And with regard to all these items, in a case where the seller told the buyer to conceal the purchase, it is prohibited, as there is good reason to suspect that the items are stolen. And one may purchase eggs and chickens from everywhere, as it is unlikely that one would steal and sell these commodities.
אֵין לוֹקְחִים מִן הָרוֹעִים צֶמֶר וְחָלָב וּגְדָיִים, וְלֹא מִשּׁוֹמְרֵי פֵרוֹת עֵצִים וּפֵרוֹת. אֲבָל לוֹקְחִין מִן הַנָּשִׁים כְּלֵי צֶמֶר בִּיהוּדָה, וּכְלֵי פִשְׁתָּן בַּגָּלִיל, וַעֲגָלִים בַּשָּׁרוֹן. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַטְמִין, אָסוּר. וְלוֹקְחִין בֵּיצִים וְתַרְנְגוֹלִים מִכָּל מָקוֹם:
ט׳

אין לוקחין מן הרועים – for one can say that perhaps they (i.e., the shepherds) stole – we found that of the owner that was handed over to them.

צמר ביהודה ופשתן בגליל – it is the labor of women, and they themselves make it and sell it, with the knowledge of their owners.

ועגלים הרוים בשרון – the name of a place (i.e. Sharon) where they raise calves and they are theirs.

אין לוקחין מן הרועים. דאיכא למימר שמא גנבו מצאנו של בעל הבית המסור להם:

צמר ביהודה ופשתן בגליל. מלאכת הנשים היא, והן עצמן עושות ומוכרות. ולדעת בעליהן הוא:

ועגלים הרועים בשרון. שם מקום שמגדלין בו עגלים. ושלהן הן:

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