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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Bava Metzia 2:8 - 2:9

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, September 24, 2024 is Bava Metzia 2:8 - 2:9

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 2 Mishnah 8

בבא מציעא פרק ב׳ משנה ח׳

8
If one found scrolls, he reads them once in thirty days in order to ventilate them and prevent mold. And if he does not know how to read, he rolls and unrolls them in order to ventilate them. But he shall not study passages in them for the first time, as he would leave the scroll exposed to the air for a lengthy period, thereby causing damage. And another person shall not read the scroll with him, as each might pull it closer to improve his vantage point, which could cause the scroll to tear. If one found a garment, he shakes it once in thirty days, and he spreads it out for its sake, to ventilate it, but he may not use it as a decoration for his own prestige. If one found silver vessels or copper vessels, he may use them for their own sake to prevent tarnish and rust, but he may not use them to the extent that he will erode them. If he finds gold vessels or glass vessels, which are not ruined by neglect, he may not touch them until Elijah will come and identify the owner. If a person found a sack or a basket or any other item that it is not his typical manner to take and carry because it is beneath his dignity, he shall not take it, as one need not demean himself in order to return a lost item.
מָצָא סְפָרִים, קוֹרֵא בָהֶן אַחַת לִשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ לִקְרוֹת, גּוֹלְלָן. אֲבָל לֹא יִלְמֹד בָּהֶן בַּתְּחִלָּה, וְלֹא יִקְרָא אַחֵר עִמּוֹ. מָצָא כְסוּת, מְנַעֲרָהּ אַחַת לִשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וְשׁוֹטְחָהּ לְצָרְכָּהּ, אֲבָל לֹא לִכְבוֹדוֹ. כְּלֵי כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי נְחֹשֶׁת, מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן לְצָרְכָּן, אֲבָל לֹא לְשָׁחֳקָן. כְּלֵי זָהָב וּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית, לֹא יִגַּע בָּהֶן עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא אֵלִיָּהוּ. מָצָא שַׂק אוֹ קֻפָּה, וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לִטֹּל, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִטֹּל:
ח׳

Once in 30 days. Since they get moldy if you delay opening them. All of their books were made like a scroll.

Roll. From their beginning to their end to allow air to enter.

For the first time. What he has never learnt. This is because he would require leaving it [open] in front of him for longer.

And another should not read with him. Since this one pulls towards himself and this one pulls towards himself and it will break.

Spread it out for its sake. To allow it to air out so moths won't destroy it.

For their sake. This is because they get moldy in the ground. You need to put them in the ground since this is how they are guarded. Therefore they should be used occasionally.

But don't wear them out. Don't use them for a long time until they wear out.

Don't touch them. Gold doesn't get moldy in the ground. Similarly glass. Further it [glass] is easy to break.

Which is undignified to pick up. Something that is degrading to him. The Torah said "And you hid yourself from them", [implication is] that sometimes you can hide, for example an elder and it's beneath his dignity.

אחת לשלשים יום. שמתעפשין כששוהין מלפותחן. וכל ספריהן היו עשויין כעין גליון:

גוללן. מתחלתן לסופן שיכנס בהם האויר:

בתחילה. מה שלא למד מעולם. לפי שצריך להשהותן לפניו:

ולא יקרא אחר עמו. לפי שזה מושך אצלו וזה מושך אצלו ונקרע:

שוטחה לצרכה. לשלוט בה אויר שלא תאכלנה עש:

לצרכן. שמתעפשים בקרקע. שצריך לתתן בקרקע דזו היא שמירתן. ולפיכך משתמש בהם לפרקים:

אבל לא לשוחקן. ולא ישתמש בהן זמן ארוך עד שישחקם:

לא יגע בהן. זהב אינו מתעפש בארץ. וכן זכוכית. ועוד שהוא נוח להשבר:

שאין דרכו ליטול. דבר שגנאי הוא לו. והתורה אמרה והתעלמת מהם, פעמים שאתה מתעלם, כגון זקן ואינו לפי כבודו:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 2 Mishnah 9

בבא מציעא פרק ב׳ משנה ט׳

9
Which is the item that is considered lost property? If one found a donkey or a cow grazing on the path, that is not lost property, as presumably the owners are nearby and are aware of the animals’ whereabouts. If one found a donkey with its accoutrements overturned, or a cow that ran through the vineyards, that is lost property. In a case where one returned the lost animal and it fled, and he again returned it and it fled, even if this scenario repeats itself four or five times, he is obligated to return it each time, as it is stated: “You shall not see your brother’s ox or his sheep wandering and disregard them; you shall return them to your brother” (Deuteronomy 22:1). If in the course of tending to and returning the lost item, the finder was idle from labor that would have earned him a sela, he shall not say to the owner of the item: Give me a sela to compensate me for my lost income. Rather, the owner gives him his wage as if he were a laborer, a payment that is considerably smaller. If there are three men there who can convene as a court, he may stipulate before the court that he will undertake to return the item provided that he receives full compensation for lost income. If there is no court there before whom can he stipulate his condition, his financial interests take precedence and he need not return the lost item.
אֵיזוֹ הִיא אֲבֵדָה, מָצָא חֲמוֹר אוֹ פָרָה רוֹעִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אֵין זוֹ אֲבֵדָה. חֲמוֹר וְכֵלָיו הֲפוּכִין, פָּרָה רָצָה בֵּין הַכְּרָמִים, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲבֵדָה. הֶחֱזִירָהּ וּבָרְחָה, הֶחֱזִירָהּ וּבָרְחָה, אֲפִילוּ אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה פְעָמִים, חַיָּב לְהַחֲזִירָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כב) הָשֵׁב תְּשִׁיבֵם. הָיָה בָטֵל מִסֶּלַע, לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ תֶּן לִי סֶלַע, אֶלָּא נוֹתֵן לוֹ שְׂכָרוֹ כְּפוֹעֵל בָּטֵל. אִם יֵשׁ שָׁם בֵּית דִּין, מַתְנֶה בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין. אִם אֵין שָׁם בֵּית דִּין, בִּפְנֵי מִי יַתְנֶה, שֶׁלּוֹ קוֹדֵם:
ט׳

What is considered a lost item. That it is apparent that the owner isn't aware that the item is there.

This is not a lost item. You are not obligated to return it, since it was intentionally placed there.

Running between the vineyards. It's legs are being destructive.

You shall surely return them. The torah included [in this statement] many returnings.

Don't say to him [the owner] give me a sela. Since this one [the owner] says to him [the finder] "If you had done your normal work, you would have been very burdened, now [that you instead took care of this item] take according to what you actually were burdened."

Like an idle laborer. How much a person would be willing to reduce his wage to avoid this difficult work that he is doing and do this light work [taking care of the item].

If there is a court there. If he doesn't want to be idle from his work. Since his wages are high, what can he do? If there are three men there, he stipulates in front of them and says "See that I am paid such and such. It is not possible [for me] to be idle and take a small wage, if you will tell me that I will take and be paid my [normal] wages. I will then take care of this lost item."

His own takes precedence. And he leaves the lost item.

איזו היא אבדה. שניכר בה שאין הבעלים יודעים שהיא שם:

אין זו אבדה. ואינו חייב להחזיר, שמדעת הניחוה שם:

רצה בין הכרמים. שמתקלקלים רגליה:

השב תשיבם. התורה ריבתה השבות הרבה:

לא יאמר לו תן לי סלע. שזה אומר לו אם עשית מלאכתך, היית מרבה טורח, עכשיו לפי מה שטרחת טול:

כפועל בטל. כמה אדם רוצה ליטול ולפחות משכרו ליבטל ממלאכה זו כבדה שהוא עוסק בה ולעשות במלאכה קלה כזו:

אם יש שם בית דין. אם אינו רוצה ליבטל ממלאכתו. ששכרה מרובה, מה יעשה. אם יש שם שלשה בני אדם מתנה בפניהם ואומר ראו שאני משתכר כך וכך. ואי אפשי ליבטל ליטול שכר מועט, אם תאמרו שאטול שכרי משלם. אטפל בהשבת אבדה זו:

שלו קודם. ומניח את האבדה:

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