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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Bava Metzia 3:1 - 3:2

The Mishnah Yomi for Thursday, September 26, 2024 is Bava Metzia 3:1 - 3:2

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 3 Mishnah 1

בבא מציעא פרק ג׳ משנה א׳

1
In the case of one who deposits an animal or vessels with another, who is acting as an unpaid bailee, and they were stolen or they were lost, and the bailee paid the owner the value of the deposit, and did not wish to take an oath that he did not misappropriate the item and that he was not negligent in safeguarding it, that will effect who keeps the deposit if it is found or returned. The bailee may also choose to take the oath, as the Sages said: An unpaid bailee takes an oath, and he is thereby released from the liability to pay the owner. If the thief is later found, the thief pays the double payment. If the deposited item was a sheep or an ox and the thief slaughtered or sold it, he pays the fourfold or fivefold payment. To whom does the thief pay? He gives the payment to the one who had the deposit in his possession when it was stolen, i.e., the bailee. When the bailee paid the owner for the stolen item, the owner granted the rights to the item to the bailee. Therefore, the bailee is entitled to any payment the thief presents for the item, be it compensation for the item’s value or a fine. In the case of a bailee who took an oath and did not wish to pay, if the thief is then found and required to pay the double payment, or if he slaughtered or sold the animal and is required to pay the fourfold or fivefold payment, to whom does the thief pay? He gives the payment to the owner of the deposit, not the bailee.
הַמַּפְקִיד אֵצֶל חֲבֵרוֹ בְּהֵמָה אוֹ כֵלִים, וְנִגְנְבוּ אוֹ שֶׁאָבְדוּ, שִׁלֵּם וְלֹא רָצָה לִשָּׁבַע, שֶׁהֲרֵי אָמְרוּ שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם נִשְׁבָּע וְיוֹצֵא, נִמְצָא הַגַּנָּב, מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל. טָבַח וּמָכַר, מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה. לְמִי מְשַׁלֵּם, לְמִי שֶׁהַפִּקָּדוֹן אֶצְלוֹ. נִשְׁבַּע וְלֹא רָצָה לְשַׁלֵּם, נִמְצָא הַגַּנָּב, מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל, טָבַח וּמָכַר, מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה. לְמִי מְשַׁלֵּם, לְבַעַל הַפִּקָּדוֹן:
א׳

המפקיד. ולא רצה לישבע – the oath of the bailees, for he was able to make himself exempt if he took an oath that he did was not negligent with it and did not make illegitimate use of it.

למי שהפקדון שלו – for since he paid, he has acquired all of its indemnities. And even if he did not pay but rather since he said in the Jewish court that he would pay, he has acquired all of the indemnities. There is no difference made between double indemnity or four/five times the indemnity.

המפקיד. ולא רצה לישבע. שבועת השומרין. שהיה יכול ליפטר אם נשבע שלא פשע בה ושלא שלח בה יד:

למי שהפקדון אצלו. דכיון דשילם קנה כל תשלומיה. ואפילו לא שילם אלא כיון שאמר בבית דין הריני משלם, קנה כל תשלומיה, לא שנא תשלומי כפל ולא שנא תשלומי ארבעה וחמשה:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 3 Mishnah 2

בבא מציעא פרק ג׳ משנה ב׳

2
In the case of one who rents a cow from another, and this renter then lends it to another person, and the cow dies in its typical manner, i.e., of natural causes, in the possession of the borrower, the renter takes an oath to the owner of the cow that the cow died in its typical manner, and the borrower pays the renter for the cow that he borrowed. A renter is exempt in a case of damage due to circumstances beyond his control, including death, but a borrower is liable to compensate the owner even for damage due to circumstances beyond his control. Rabbi Yosei said: How does the other party, i.e., the renter, do business with and profit from another’s cow? Rather, the value of the cow should be returned to the owner. The renter need not take an oath, but the borrower must compensate the owner of the cow.
הַשּׂוֹכֵר פָּרָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְהִשְׁאִילָהּ לְאַחֵר, וּמֵתָה כְדַרְכָּה, יִשָּׁבַע הַשּׂוֹכֵר שֶׁמֵּתָה כְדַרְכָּה, וְהַשּׁוֹאֵל יְשַׁלֵּם לַשּׂוֹכֵר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, כֵּיצַד הַלָּה עוֹשֶׂה סְחוֹרָה בְּפָרָתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, אֶלָּא תַחֲזֹר פָּרָה לַבְּעָלִים:
ב׳

השוכר פרה מחבירו – and the renter/leasee stood and lent it (i.e., the cow) to another with the permission of the lender. But if the leaser had not given permission, we establish that a bailee who transferred [an object] to another bailee is liable.

ישבע השוכר – to the leaser

שמתה כדרכה – and is exempt [from payment], for the renter is exempt from unavoidable accidents.

והשואל – who is liable for unavoidable accidents , pays the renter, with an oath that he swears to the landlord.

אמר רבי יוסי: כיצד הלה עושה סחורה וכו' – And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi.

השוכר פרה מחבירו. ועמד שוכר והשאילה לאחר ברשות המשכיר. שאם לא נתן לו המשכיר רשות, הא קיימא לן, שומר שמסר לשומר חייב:

ישבע השוכר. למשכיר.

שמתה כדרכה ופטור. שהשוכר פטור מן האונסין:

והשואל. שהוא חייב באונסין, משלם לשוכר, בשבועה שהוא נשבע למשכיר:

אמר רבי יוסי כיצד הלה עושה סחורה וכו׳ והלכה כרבי יוסי:

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