Today's Mishnah Yomi
Bava Metzia 9:12 - 9:13
The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, November 2, 2024 is Bava Metzia 9:12 - 9:13
Mishnah 1
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Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 9 Mishnah 12
בבא מציעא פרק ט׳ משנה י"ב
Bartenura
אחד שכר בהמה ואחד שכר כלים. דכתיב לא תלין פעולת שכיר אתך, כל שפעולתו אתך, ואפילו בהמה וכלים:
לא תבעו אינו עובר עליו. דכתיב אתך, לדעתך שלא מדעתו:
המחהו. נתקו מאצלו והעמידו אצל חנוני ואמר לו תן לפועל זה בדינר פירות ואני אשלם, או אמר לשלחני תן לו בדינר מעות:
אינו עובר עליו. דכתיב אתך, ולא שהמחהו אצל חנוני:
שכיר בזמנו נשבע ונוטל. משום דבעל הבית טרוד בפועליו ולפעמים סבור שנתן והוא לא נתן, שקלוה לשבועה מבעל הבית ושדיוה אשכיר:
שלא בזמנו. אף על גב דבעל הבית טרוד בפועליו, כי מטא זמן חיוביה רמי אנפשיה ומדכר, ולא חשיד בעל הבית שהוא עובר על בל תלין:
גר תושב. שקבל עליו שלא לעבוד ע״ז ואוכל נבלות. אין בו משום לא תלין, דכתיב ברישא דקרא רעך, רעך ולא גר תושב:
Mishnah 2
Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 9 Mishnah 13
בבא מציעא פרק ט׳ משנה י"ג
Bartenura
המלוה את חבירו – and the time arrived and he didn’t pay him back.
לא ימשכננו – to take from him a pledge/security against his will and even in the marketplace, but rather via an agent of the Jewish court, who should take it from him with the permission of the Jewish court.
ולא יכנס לביתו – even the agent of the Jewish court should not enter into his house, and all the more so, the creditor himself.
היה לו שני כלים – and his liability corresponds to both of them and he gave both as a pledge.
נוטל אחד ומחזיר אחד – at the time that he (i.e., the borrower) needs it, he should restore it to him and detain the second with him (i.e., the creditor), as it is explained further on. He should return the pillow at night and the plow during the day.
מת – the borrower. One does not restore the pledge/security to the heirs [of the borrower], for there is no commandment of restoring the pledge, for it is written (Deuteronomy 24:13): “You must restore the pledge to him…” – to him but not to his heirs.
עד שלשים יום – the time of the court case. But the Halakha is not according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.
בין שהיא עניה בין שהיא עשירה וכו' – because there is according to the one (Rabbi Shimon – Bava Metzia 115a) who said that she is poor and we don’t take a pledge from her, because you must return it (i.e., the pledge/security) to her and she comes and goes to you, you bring her into disrepute with her neighbors, but a rich woman, about whom you don’t have to say this, I would say that you can take a pledge [from her], but this comes to inform us that this Tanna/teacher of the Mishnah does not, as it is written (Deuteronomy 24:17): “You shall not take a widow’s garment in pawn,” both a poor [widow] and a rich [widow] are implied.
משום שני כלים – the higher one is the upper millstone and the lower is a hand mill.
המלוה את חבירו. והגיע זמן ולא פרעו:
לא ימשכננו. ליקח ממנו משכון בעל כרחו ואפילו בשוק, אלא ע״י שליח בית דין, שיקח ממנו ברשות ב״ד:
ולא יכנס לביתו. אפילו שליח ב״ד לא יכנס לביתו. וכל שכן בעל חוב עצמו:
היה לו שני כלים. וחובו כנגד שניהם ומשכנו בשניהם:
נוטל אחד ומחזיר אחד. בשעה שהוא צריך לזה, יחזירנו ויעכב השני אצלו, כדמפרש ואזיל, מחזיר את הכר בלילה ואת המחרישה ביום:
מת. הלוה. אין משיב העבוט ליורשים, שאין כאן מצות השבת העבוט, דהשב תשיב לו את העבוט כתיב (דברים כ״ד:י״ג), לו ולא ליורש:
עד שלשים יום. זמן בית דין. ואין הלכה כרבן שמעון בן גמליאל:
בין שהיא עניה בין שהיא עשירה וכו׳ משום דאיכא למאן דאמר, עניה הוא דאין ממשכנין, שמתוך שאתה צריך להחזיר לה והיא נכנסת ויוצאת אצלך, אתה משיאה שם רע בשכנותיה, אבל עשירה דליכא למימר הכי, אימא ממשכנין, קמשמע לן האי תנא דלא, דכתיב לא תחבול בגד אלמנה, אחד עניה ואחד עשירה במשמע:
משום שני כלים. העליונה רכב. והתחתונה רחים:
Mishnah Yomi FAQ
What is Mishnah Yomi?
Mishnah Yomi is a daily study program where participants study two mishnayot (individual teachings from the Mishnah) every day. By following this program, one can complete the entire Mishnah in about six years.
What is the Mishnah?
The Mishnah is the first major written collection of Jewish oral traditions, forming the basis of the Talmud. It dates back to around 200 CE and consists of teachings and discussions of Jewish law by various rabbis.
Who started the Mishnah Yomi program?
In 1934, the Kozoglover Gaon, Rav Aryeh Tzvi Frommer, who took over from Rav Meir Shapiro (the founder of Daf Yomi) as the head of Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin, initiated the Mishnah Yomi cycle, focusing on Seder Zeraim and Seder Taharos. After World War II, in 1947, Rav Yonah Sztencl, a disciple of Rav Frommer, expanded the program, advocating for a comprehensive study of Shishah Sidrei Mishnah. The idea of studying two Mishnayos daily gained the support of figures like Rav Isser Zalman Meltzer, the Tchebiner Rov, and the Gerer Rebbe, marking the formal inception of Mishnah Yomi.
How long does it take to complete the Mishnah with Mishnah Yomi?
Following the Mishnah Yomi program, one can complete the Mishnah in approximately six years.
Can anyone join Mishnah Yomi?
Yes, anyone interested in studying the Mishnah can start the Mishnah Yomi cycle. There’s no need for prior knowledge; beginners are welcome.
Do I need to know Hebrew to study Mishnah Yomi?
While the Mishnah is originally in Hebrew, there are numerous translations and commentaries available in various languages, making it accessible to anyone interested in studying.
Is there a specific time of day to study Mishnah Yomi?
There’s no designated time. Participants can choose a time that best fits their schedule.
Can I study Mishnah Yomi with a group?
Yes, many communities and synagogues organize group study sessions for Mishnah Yomi. Studying in a group can enhance understanding and foster camaraderie.
What if I miss a day?
If you miss a day, you can catch up by studying the missed mishnayot alongside the current day’s study or by dedicating some extra time until you’re back on track.
אחד שכר בהמה ואחד שכר כלים – as it is written (Leviticus 19:13): “The wages of a laborer shall not remain with you,” – all that his work is “with you,” even and even animals and utensils.
לא תבעו אינו עובר עליו – as it is written (Leviticus 19:13): “with you”, with your knowledge or without your knowledge.
המחהו – cut him from himself and placed him with the storekeeper and said to him: “Give this worker with a denar produce and I will pay,” or he said to the money changer, “give him for a denar money [as change].
אינו עובר עליו – as it is written (Leviticus 19:13): “with you,” and he didn’t give him an order to the storekeeper.
שכיר בזמנו נשבע ונוטל – because the owner of the house/boss is busily engaged with his workers and sometimes it is thought that he gave it, but [in reality], he did not give it (i.e., the salary), he is made to take an oath from the owner of the house/boss and casts it (i.e., the salary) to the hired person.
שלא בזמנו – even though the owner of the house/boss is busily engaged with his workers, when the time comes for his obligation, they impose upon him and he remembers, and the owner/boss is not suspect of violating “[the wages of a laborer] shall not remain [with you].”
גר תושב – who accepted upon himself not to serve idolatry or to eat carrion. He does not have [applying to him] because of “shall not remain”, as it is written at the beginning of the Biblical verse (Leviticus 19:13): “[You shall not defraud] your fellow,” “your fellow,” and not a resident alien.