Mishnah.org Logo

Today's Mishnah Yomi

Sanhedrin 8:1 - 8:2

The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, January 11, 2025 is Sanhedrin 8:1 - 8:2

＜ Previous DayTodayNext Day ＞

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Sanhedrin Perek 8 Mishnah 1

סנהדרין פרק ח׳ משנה א׳

1
The Torah describes the punishment given to a son who steals money from his parents to eat a gluttonous meal of meat and wine in the company of lowly men. If his parents bring him to court for this act, he is exhorted to desist and is punished with lashes. If he repeats the same misdeed and is again brought to court by his parents within the same three-month period, he is considered a stubborn and rebellious son [ben sorer umoreh]. He is liable to receive the death penalty, which in this case is execution by stoning. From when does a stubborn and rebellious son become liable to receive the death penalty imposed upon a stubborn and rebellious son? From when he grows two pubic hairs, which are a sign of puberty and from which time he is considered an adult, until he has grown a beard around. The reference here is to the lower beard surrounding his genitals, and not the upper beard, i.e., his facial hair, but the Sages spoke in euphemistic terms. As it is stated: “If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son” (Deuteronomy 21:18), which indicates that the penalty for rebelliousness is imposed upon a son, but not upon a daughter; and upon a son, but not upon a fully grown man. A minor under the age of thirteen is exempt from the penalty imposed upon a stubborn and rebellious son, because he has not yet reached the age of inclusion in mitzvot.
בֵּן סוֹרֵר וּמוֹרֶה, מֵאֵימָתַי נַעֲשֶׂה בֵן סוֹרֵר וּמוֹרֶה, מִשֶּׁיָּבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת וְעַד שֶׁיַּקִּיף זָקָן, הַתַּחְתּוֹן וְלֹא הָעֶלְיוֹן, אֶלָּא שֶׁדִּבְּרוּ חֲכָמִים בְּלָשׁוֹן נְקִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כא), כִּי יִהְיֶה לְאִישׁ בֵּן, בֵּן וְלֹא בַת, בֵּן וְלֹא אִישׁ. הַקָּטָן פָּטוּר, שֶׁלֹּא בָא לִכְלָל מִצְוֹת:
א׳

בן סורר ומורה. משיביא שתי שערות – when he brings forth two [pubic] hairs, and he is thirteen years of age and one day old, for before this, the hairs are not a sign, but rather an estimation.

עד שיקיף זקן התחתון – this “beard” that the Rabbis speak about, the lower one they spoke about that the hair surrounds the membrum virile.

ולא העליון – the beard itself.

שנאמר בן ולא איש – where the lower “beard” surrounds it, it is a man, and even though from his youth he is called a son, we do not find him to be liable before he brings for two [pubic] hairs for a minor is exempt [from being a stubborn and rebellious son], for he has not come in to the general [category] of the commandments; therefore, they obligate him after this. And this is what the Bible (Deuteronomy 21:18) states: “When a man has a [wayward and stubborn] son…,” a son who is close to his might as an adult male, at the beginning of his manhood, the Bible makes liable, and when his lower “beard” surrounds [it], he is a complete [adult] man.

בן סורר ומורה. משיביא שתי שערות. והוא בן י״ג שנה ויום אחד. דמקמי הכי אין השערות סימן אלא שומא:

עד שיקיף זקן התחתון. האי זקן דאמור רבנן, התחתון אמרו, שיקיף השער סביבות הגיד:

ולא העליון. זקן ממש:

שנאמר בן ולא איש. משהקיף זקן התחתון איש הוא. ואע״ג דמקטנותו הוא קרוי בן, לא מצינו לחייבו מקמי שיביא שתי שערות, דקטן פטור, שלא בא לכלל המצות, הלכך חיוביה בתר הכי הוא. והכי קאמר קרא, כי יהיה לאיש בן, בן הסמוך לגבוו. תו של איש, בתחלת אישותו חייביה קרא. ומשהקיף זקן התחתון, איש גמור הוא:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Sanhedrin Perek 8 Mishnah 2

סנהדרין פרק ח׳ משנה ב׳

2
From when is a stubborn and rebellious son liable? From when he eats a tarteimar of meat and drinks a half-log of Italian wine. Rabbi Yosei says: From when he eats a maneh of meat and drinks a log of wine. The mishna now lists a series of conditions concerning his eating and drinking. If he ate these items with a group assembled for the performance of a mitzva, or he ate them at a meal celebrating the intercalation of a month, or he ate the items when they had second tithe status, in Jerusalem, he does not become a stubborn and rebellious son because each of these circumstances involves some aspect of a mitzva. If he ate the meat of unslaughtered animal carcasses or animals that had wounds that would have caused them to die within twelve months [tereifot] or repugnant creatures or creeping animals, or he ate untithed produce from which tithes and terumot were not separated, or first tithe from which its teruma was not separated, or second tithe outside Jerusalem or consecrated food that was not redeemed, each of which involves a transgression, he does not become a stubborn and rebellious son. The mishna summarizes: If he ate an item that involves performing a mitzva or an item that involves committing a transgression, or if he ate any food in the world but did not eat meat, or if he drank any beverage but did not drink wine, he does not become a stubborn and rebellious son, unless he actually eats meat and actually drinks wine, as it is stated: “This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious; he does not listen to our voice; he…is a glutton [zolel] and a drunkard [vesovei]” (Deuteronomy 21:20). One is not called a glutton and a drunkard unless he eats meat and drinks wine. And although there is no explicit proof to the matter that the reference in the Torah is to meat and wine, there is an allusion to the matter in another verse, as it is stated: “Be not among wine drinkers [besovei], among gluttonous eaters [bezolelei] of meat” (Proverbs 23:20).
מֵאֵימָתַי חַיָּב, מִשֶּׁיֹּאכַל טַרְטֵימַר בָּשָׂר וְיִשְׁתֶּה חֲצִי לֹג יַיִן הָאִיטַלְקִי. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מָנֶה בָּשָׂר וְלֹג יָיִן. אָכַל בַּחֲבוּרַת מִצְוָה, אָכַל בְּעִבּוּר הַחֹדֶשׁ, אָכַל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, אָכַל נְבֵלוֹת וּטְרֵפוֹת, שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים, אָכַל טֶבֶל וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, אָכַל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מִצְוָה וְדָבָר שֶׁהוּא עֲבֵרָה, אָכַל כָּל מַאֲכָל וְלֹא אָכַל בָּשָׂר, שָׁתָה כָל מַשְׁקֶה וְלֹא שָׁתָה יַיִן, אֵינוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה בֵן סוֹרֵר וּמוֹרֶה, עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל בָּשָׂר וְיִשְׁתֶּה יַיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כא) זוֹלֵל וְסֹבֵא. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר, זֵכֶר לַדָּבָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כג) אַל תְּהִי בְסֹבְאֵי יָיִן בְּזֹלְלֵי בָשָׂר לָמוֹ:
ב׳

טרטימר – one-half a Maneh (according to Sanhedrin 70a), and that is meat that is cooked and not cooked (-semi-cooked), in the manner that the robbers eat.

מן היין האיטלקי – which is praiseworthy and prolongs [the meal] after it, and it is one that a person drinks mixed [with water] and not mixed [with water] (-semi-moxed).

רבי יוסי אומר כו' – But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yosi.

אבל בחבורת מצוה – in a meal [celebrating the performance] of a Mitzvah.

אבל עיבור החדש – even though we do not serve for that meal other than bread and pulse/beans/peas, and he offers meat and wine, since he is involved in performing a Mitzvah, he doesn’t continue.

אבל מעשר שני בירושלים – since it is the manner of the Mitzvah, as it is written regarding the Second Tithe (Deuteronomy 14:26): “[And spend the money on anything you want] – cattle, sheep, wine or other intoxicant – [or anything you may desire….],” and he doesn’t continue.

נבילות וטריפות שקצים ורמשים – as it is written (Deuteronomy 21:20): “[This son of ours is disloyal and defiant;] he does not heed us…,” and it is not this, for even does not listen to the voice of God.

דבר שהוא מצוה – of the Rabbis, which includes comforting the bereaved, for if it were from the beginning of the Mishnah, I would think that an association formed for a religious duty, that is, Kohanim who eat their sacred portions or the consumption of the Passover offering.

ודבר שהוא עבירה – to include a community fast, whose prohibition is from the words of the Scribes.

טרטימר. חצי מנה. והוא שיהיה הבשר בשיל ולא בשיל, כדרך שהלסטים אוכלים:

מן היין האיטלקי. שהוא משובח וממשיך בתריה. והוא דשתי ליה מזיג ולא מזיג:

רבי יוסי אומר כו׳ ואין הלכה כר׳ יוסי:

אכל בחבורת מצוה. בסעודה של מצוה:

אכל בעיבור החדש. אע״ג דאין עולין לאותה סעודה אלא בפת וקטנית בלבד ואיהו אסיק בשר ויין, הואיל ובמצוה קעסיק לא ממשיך:

אכל מעשר שני בירושלים. כיון דכדרך מצותו הוא, דכתיב במעשר שני (דברים י״ד:כ״ו) בבקר ובצאן וביין ובשכר, לא ממשיך:

נבלות וטריפות שקצים ורמשים. דכתיב איננו שומע בקולנו, ולא זה שאפילו בקולו של המקום ברוך הוא אינו שומע:

דבר שהוא מצוה. דרבנן, לאתויי תנחומי אבלים. דאי מרישא, הוה אמינא חבורת מצוה היינו כהנים שאוכלים קדשים או אכילת פסחים:

ודבר שהוא עבירה. לאתויי תענית. צבור שאיסורו מדברי סופרים:

Mishnah Yomi FAQ

Still have a question? Contact Us