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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Sanhedrin 11:4 - 11:5

The Mishnah Yomi for Wednesday, January 22, 2025 is Sanhedrin 11:4 - 11:5

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Sanhedrin Perek 11 Mishnah 4

סנהדרין פרק י"א משנה ד׳

4
One does not execute the rebellious elder, neither in the court that is in his city, nor in the court that is in Yavne, although that was the seat of the Sanhedrin after the destruction of the Second Temple. Rather, one takes him up to the High Court in Jerusalem. And they guard him in incarceration until the pilgrimage Festival, and the court executes him during the pilgrimage Festival, as it is stated: “And all the nation shall hear, and fear, and no longer sin intentionally” (Deuteronomy 17:13); this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Yehuda says: One does not delay administering justice to this individual. Rather, the court executes him immediately, and the judges write reports and dispatch agents to all the places, informing them: So-and-so is liable to be punished with the court-imposed death penalty for disobeying the court.
אֵין מְמִיתִין אוֹתוֹ לֹא בְבֵית דִּין שֶׁבְּעִירוֹ וְלֹא בְבֵית דִּין שֶׁבְּיַבְנֶה, אֶלָּא מַעֲלִין אוֹתוֹ לְבֵית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, וּמְשַׁמְּרִין אוֹתוֹ עַד הָרֶגֶל וּמְמִיתִין אוֹתוֹ בָרֶגֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יז) וְכָל הָעָם יִשְׁמְעוּ וְיִרָאוּ וְלֹא יְזִידוּן עוֹד, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְעַנִּין אֶת דִּינוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, אֶלָּא מְמִיתִין אוֹתוֹ מִיָּד, וְכוֹתְבִין וְשׁוֹלְחִין שְׁלוּחִים בְּכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי נִתְחַיֵּב מִיתָה בְּבֵית דִּין:
ד׳

ולא בב"ד שביבנה – for they asked the Jewish court that was in the Chamber of the Hewn Stones, and they said to him and he returned to his city and delayed there for many days until the Great Sanhedrin was exiled to Yavneh, and afterwards, it taught as at first, they do not put him to death in Yavneh, even though the Great Sanhedrin was there, and even if the Temple still existed, since the Great Sanhedrin does not sit in its place in the Chamber of the Hewn Stones.

ולא בב״ד שביבנה. שאלו לב״ד שבלשכת הגזית ואמרו לו, וחזר לעירו ושהה שם ימים רבים עד שגלתה סנהדרי גדולה ליבנה ואח״כ הורה כבתחלה, אין ממיתין אותו ביבנה. אע״פ שסנהדרי גדולה שם, ואע״פ שעדיין הבית קיים, כיון שסנהדרי גדולה אינה יושבת במקומה בלשכת הגזית:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Sanhedrin Perek 11 Mishnah 5

סנהדרין פרק י"א משנה ה׳

5
The false prophet mentioned in the Torah includes one who prophesies that which he did not hear from God and one who prophesies that which was not said to him, even if it was said to another prophet. In those cases, his execution is at the hand of man, through strangulation imposed by the court. But with regard to one who suppresses his prophecy because he does not want to share it with the public, and one who contemptuously forgoes the statement of a prophet and refuses to heed it, and a prophet who violated his own statement and failed to perform that which he was commanded to do, his death is at the hand of Heaven, as it is stated: “And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall not hearken unto My words that he shall speak in My name, I will exact it of him” (Deuteronomy 18:19).
נְבִיא הַשֶּׁקֶר הַמִּתְנַבֵּא עַל מַה שֶּׁלֹּא שָׁמַע וּמַה שֶּׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר לוֹ, מִיתָתוֹ בִידֵי אָדָם. אֲבָל הַכּוֹבֵשׁ אֶת נְבוּאָתוֹ, וְהַמְוַתֵּר עַל דִּבְרֵי נָבִיא, וְנָבִיא שֶׁעָבַר עַל דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ, מִיתָתוֹ בִידֵי שָׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם יח) אָנֹכִי אֶדְרשׁ מֵעִמּוֹ:
ה׳

מה שלא שמע – what was not said in the prophecy to a single prophet in the world, and what was said to his fellow and not to him, and he heard it from his fellow and came and said what was related to him, both of these two are false prophets and their deaths are by strangulation, as it is written (Deuteronomy 18:20): “But any prophet who presumes to speak in My name [an oracle that I did not command him to utter…]” This is one who prophesizes something that he never heard, “that I did not command him to utter,” but his friend I commanded. The one who prophesizes what was not said to him and it was said to his fellow, and it is written (ibid.) “that prophet shall die.” And any death that is mentioned in the Torah undefined is not other than through strangulation.

מיתתן בידי שמים – as it is written (Deuteronomy 18:19): “And if anybody fails to heed the words he speaks [in My name]…,” we call him “he does not heed,” and we call him “he should not proclaim” and we call him, “he himself does not heed My words,” all three are included, and it is written (ibid.): “I myself will call him to account,” by the hands of Heaven.

מה שלא שמע. מה שלא נאמר בנבואה לשום נביא בעולם. ומה שנאמר לחבירו ולא לו, ושמעה מפי חבירו ובא ואמר שנאמרה לו, שני אלו נביאי השקר הם ומיתתן בחנק. דכתיב (דברים י״ח) אך הנביא אשר יזיד לדבר דבר בשמי, זה המתנבא מה שלא שמע מעולם. אשר לא צויתיו, הא לחבירו צויתי, זה המתנבא מה שלא נאמר לו ונאמר לחברו. וכתיב ומת הנביא ההוא, וכל מיתה האמורה בתורה סתם אינה אלא חנק:

מיתתן בידי שמים. דכתיב (שם) והיה האיש אשר לא ישמע אל דברי, קרי ביה לא ישמע, וקרי ביה לא ישמיע, וקרי ביה לא ישמע הוא עצמו אל דברי, הרי שלשתן בכלל. וכתיב (שם) אנכי אדרוש מעמו, בידי שמים:

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