Makkos 3:16 - Shevuos 1:1

לפיכך הרבה להם תורה ומצות – such as the portions of forbidden animals and reptiles (i.e., all kinds of forbidden foods – see Mishnah Sanhedrin Chapter 8, Mishnah 2 and Mishnah Niddah Chapter 3, Mishnah 2), in order to increase the reward when they abstain from them, for even though without that, they would not eat them since the soul of man detests them.

למען צדקו – to make the Jewish people virtuous and to make them worthy [of Divine favor].

שבועות שתים – it is written in Scripture explicitly (Leviticus 5:4): “Or when a person utters an oath to bad or good purpose.” If he eats, it is for a good purpose; if he doesn’t eat, it is for a bad purpose, for he afflicts himself, and the same law applies for everything that is yes/positive or no/negative in the future, for to do bad or to do good in the future is implied.

שהן ארבע – one includes two others that are not written, and they are, yes/positive and no/negative that is of the past, such as “I ate or I did not eat, or I did not eat and I ate.

יעידות הטומאה – (Leviticus 5:2): “Or when a person touches an unclean thing” that is stated in Leviticus near the defiling of the Temple and its holy objects.

שתים – are written in the Biblical verse, as it is written (Leviticus 5:2): “and the fact has escaped him, and then, being unclean, [he realizes his guilt],” implying that the defilement that escaped from him, and through that act of forgetfulness/having escaped from him, he ate holy meat, which is one [sin], or entered into the Sanctuary, which is two.

שהן ארבע – one can include another two obligations. The escaping from him of holiness and the escaping of him of the Sanctuary and he remembered the defilement.

יציאות שבת – removal from the private domain to the public domain, [whereby] we derive it from the Biblical verse (Exodus 36:6): “Moses thereupon had this proclamation made throughout the camp: [‘Let no man or woman make further effort towards gifts for the sanctuary!’]; you should not remove from the private domain to the public domain.

אחת – one – to the person who stands outside and stretches his hand inside and took the object and removed it, and the other for the person who stands inside and takes the object from his place and takes it outside.

שהן ארבע – one can add another two of bringing in, even though they are not written, for just as the Torah was strict from domain to domain regarding removing/taking out, so it was strict on bringing inside, one for the purpose standing inside and removing his hand to outside and taking the object and bringing [it] inside, and the other – for the person who stands outside and takes the object from his place and stretches [his hand] inside and places it [within].

מראות נגעים שתים – it is written in Scripture (Leviticus 13:2): “a swelling, [a rash], or a discoloration, [and it develops into a scaly affection on the skin of his body.”

שהן ארבע – the subspecies of a swelling and the subspecies of a discoloration, and they are not written explicitly in Scripture.