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Bechoros 9:7 - 9:8

The Mishnah Yomi for Friday, January 2, 2026 is Bechoros 9:7 - 9:8

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Bechoros Perek 9 Mishnah 7

ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืจืง ื˜ืณ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ืณ

7
In what manner does one tithe the animals? He gathers them in a pen and provides them with a small, i.e., narrow, opening, so that two animals will not be able to emerge together. And he counts the animals as they emerge: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine; and he paints the animal that emerges tenth with red paint and declares: This is tithe. Even if he did not paint it with red paint, or if he did not count the animals with a rod in accordance with the verse: โ€œWhatever passes under the rod, the tenth shall be sacred to the Lordโ€ (Leviticus 27:32), or if he counted the animals when they were prone or standing in place and did not make them pass through a narrow opening, these animals are tithed after the fact. But if he had one hundred animals and he took ten as tithe, or if he had ten animals and he simply took one as tithe, that is not tithe, as he did not count them one by one until reaching ten. Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says: In that case too, it is tithe. If before the owner completed tithing his animals, one of those already counted jumped back into the pen among the animals that had not yet been counted, all those in the pen are exempt from being tithed, as each of them might be the animal that was already counted. If one of those animals that had been tithed, i.e., designated as the tenth, jumped back into the pen among the animals that had not yet been counted, creating uncertainty with regard to all the animals there which was the animal tithe, all the animals must graze until they become unfit for sacrifice, and each of them may be eaten in its blemished state by its owner once it develops a blemish.
ื›ึผึตื™ืฆึทื“ ืžึฐืขึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืจึธืŸ, ื›ึผื•ึนื ึฐืกึธืŸ ืœึทื“ึผึดื™ืจ ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ืคึผึถืชึทื— ืงึธื˜ึธืŸ ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื™ึฐื›ื•ึนืœึดื™ืŸ ืœึธืฆึตืืช ื›ึผึฐืึทื—ึทืช, ื•ึผืžื•ึนื ึถื” ื‘ึทืฉึผืึตื‘ึถื˜, ืึถื—ึธื“, ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื, ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”, ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื”, ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื”, ืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื”, ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึธื”, ืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึธื”, ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธื”, ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ื•ึนืฆึตื ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ืกื•ึนืงึฐืจื•ึน ื‘ึฐืกึดืงึฐืจึธื ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตืจ. ืœึนื ืกึฐืงึธืจื•ึน ื‘ึฐืกึดืงึฐืจึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึฐื ึธืึธื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึตื‘ึถื˜, ืื•ึน ืฉืึถืžึผึฐื ึธืึธื ืจึฐื‘ื•ึผืฆึดื™ื, ืื•ึน ืขื•ึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืžึฐืขึปืฉึผื‚ึธืจึดื™ื, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื•ึน ืžึตืึธื” ื•ึฐื ึธื˜ึทืœ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื”, ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ื•ึฐื ึธื˜ึทืœ ืึถื—ึธื“, ืึตื™ืŸ ื–ึถื” ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตืจ. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืกึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตืจ, ืงึธืคึทืฅ (ืึถื—ึธื“) ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื ื•ึผื™ึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธืŸ, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืคึฐื˜ื•ึผืจึดื™ืŸ. ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึฐืขึปืฉึผื‚ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธืŸ, ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ื™ึดืจึฐืขื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืกึฐืชึผึธืึฒื‘ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื™ึตืึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืžื•ึผืžึธืŸ ืœึทื‘ึผึฐืขึธืœึดื™ื:
ื–ืณ

ืœื“ื™ืจ โ€“ a place surrounded by walls or reeds where they bring into it the sheep.

ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืื” ื•ื ื˜ืœ ืขืฉืจื” โ€“ without any [system of] counting (i.e., marking the tenth animal with red paint)

ืื• ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื ื˜ืœ ืื—ื“ โ€“ without any [system of] counting.

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขืฉืจ โ€“ as it is written (Leviticus 27:32): โ€œevery tenth one โ€“ shall be holy [to the LORD],โ€ and this is not the tenth.

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืขืฉืจ โ€“ for Rabbi Yossi holds that just as the great Terumah (i.e., the two-percent that everyone gives to a Kohen) and the tenth-of a tenth (i.e., that which the Levite gives to the Kohen after receiving the First Tithe) are given by estimation and with intention/a plan as it is written (Numbers 18:27): โ€œThis shall be accounted to you as your gift/ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ื ืชืจื•ืžืชื›ื,โ€ with thought is the heave-offering , so the tithe is taken with estimation and thought, for the All-Merciful calls a tithe, as it is written (Numbers 18:24): โ€œfor it is the tithes set aside by the Israelites as a gift to the LORD [that I give to the Levites as their share]. And there is an analogy of verses in close proximity made [between] the tithing of cattle and the tithing of grain, just as the tithe of grain is taken by thought, so the tithe of cattle is taken by thought. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.

ืงืคืฅ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ eighteen [animals] that went out from the opening and he took the tenth [one], the nine are exempted, if one of the nine jumped into the pen/corral, all of those that are in the corral are exempt, if he does not recognize which one it is. For perhaps this one who came out as the tenth, but he is not appropriate for it, for he was already exempted. Alternatively, each one of them is doubtful if it was already numbered already and exempted, and any doubt is not eligible for being tithed.

ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ืฉืจื™ื โ€“ from those already sanctified as being the โ€œtenthโ€ one of them jumped into the corral/pen , all of them are doubtfully tithed and they should all be sent to pasture until they develop a blemish. For whenever they are pure, it is prohibited to slaughter them outside [the Temple courtyard], but after they have been sent to pasture, they can be consumed by their owners with their blemishes.

ืœื“ื™ืจ. ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ืื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ืงื ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ืฆืืŸ:

ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืื” ื•ื ื˜ืœ ืขืฉืจื”. ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ืžื ื™ืŸ:

ืื• ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื ื˜ืœ ืื—ื“. ื‘ืœื ืžื ื™ืŸ:

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขืฉืจ. ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ืดื–) ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื™:

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจืณ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืขืฉืจ. ื“ืกื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื›ืฉื ืฉืชืจื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืชืจื•ืžืช ืžืขืฉืจ ื ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžื“ ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืดื—) ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ื ืชืจื•ืžืชื›ื, ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื™ื ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื›ืš ืžืขืฉืจ ื ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืื•ืžื“ ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื“ืžืขืฉืจ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืงืจื™ื™ื” ืจื—ืžื ื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื) ื›ื™ ืืช ืžืขืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื™ืžื• ืœื”ืณ ืชืจื•ืžื”. ื•ืื™ืชืงืฉ ืžืขืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืžืขืฉืจ ื“ื’ืŸ, ืžื” ืžืขืฉืจ ื“ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืฃ ืžืขืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจืณ ื™ื•ืกื™:

ืงืคืฅ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ืฉืžื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืŸ ื”ืคืชื— ื•ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื• ื”ืชืฉืขื”, ื•ืงืคืฅ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืฉืขื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื™ืจ. ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ืื ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ื›ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื•ื. ื“ืฉืžื ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ. ืื™ ื ืžื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ืกืคื™ืงื ืœืื• ื‘ืจ ืขื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื:

ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ืฉืจื™ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื“ืฉื•, ืงืคืฅ ืื—ื“ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื• ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ืกืคืง ืžืขืฉืจ ื•ื™ืจืขื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืกืชืื‘ื•, ื“ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืกืชืื›ื• ื™ืื›ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Bechoros Perek 9 Mishnah 8

ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืจืง ื˜ืณ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืณ

8
If two animals emerged as one, one counts them as twos, i.e., as though they came out one after the other. If he mistakenly counted two of the animals at the beginning or in the middle of the ten as one, and then continued his count, the ninth and the tenth are flawed, as he called the tenth: Ninth, and he called the eleventh: Tenth. If he mistakenly called the ninth: Tenth, and the tenth: Ninth, and the eleventh: Tenth, the three of them are sacred, although each has a different halakhic status. The ninth is eaten in its blemished state; and the tenth is animal tithe, which is sacrificed in the Temple and eaten by its owner; and the eleventh is sacrificed as a peace offering, from which the breast and the thigh are given to the priest. And the eleventh renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for the peace offering consecrated as a substitute and he sacrifices it as a peace offering; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda said: The eleventh animal itself, which he called tenth, is a substitute for animal tithe, and does a substitute render another animal a substitute? Everyone agrees that a substitute is created only in exchange for an originally consecrated animal. The Sages said in the name of Rabbi Meir: The eleventh animal is not considered a substitute for the animal tithe, since if it were a substitute it would not be sacrificed, as the substitute for an animal tithe is not sacrificed. If one called the ninth animal: Tenth, and the tenth: Tenth, and the eleventh: Tenth, the eleventh is not consecrated. This is the principle: In any situation where the name of the tenth was not removed from the tenth animal, the eleventh that was called the tenth is not consecrated.
ื™ึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึฐืึถื—ึธื“, ืžื•ึนื ึถื” ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ืฉืึฐื ึธื™ึดื. ืžึฐื ึธืึธืŸ ืึถื—ึธื“, ืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ืžึฐืงึปืœึฐืงึธืœึดื™ืŸ. ื™ึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืึทื—ึทืช, ืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ืžึฐืงึปืœึฐืงึธืœึดื™ืŸ. ืงึธืจึธื ืœึทืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึธืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึผืœึฐืึทื—ึทื“ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™, ืฉืึฐืœึธืฉืึฐืชึผึธืŸ ืžึฐืงึปื“ึผึธืฉืึดื™ืŸ. ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ ื ึถืึฑื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐืžื•ึผืžื•ึน, ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตืจ, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทื“ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืงึธืจึตื‘ ืฉืึฐืœึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืชึฐืžื•ึผืจึธื”, ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืžึตืึดื™ืจ. ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”, ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ื™ึตืฉื ืชึผึฐืžื•ึผืจึธื” ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึธื” ืชึฐืžื•ึผืจึธื”. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึดืฉึผืื•ึผื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืžึตืึดื™ืจ, ืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืชึฐืžื•ึผืจึธื”, ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืงึธืจึตื‘. ืงึธืจึธื ืœึทืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึธืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ื•ึผืœึฐืึทื—ึทื“ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™, ืึตื™ืŸ ืึทื—ึทื“ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืžึฐืงึปื“ึผึธืฉื. ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ, ื›ึผึนืœ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึถืขึฑืงึทืจ ืฉืึตื ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืจึดื™ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ, ืึตื™ืŸ ืึทื—ึทื“ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืžึฐืงึปื“ึผึธืฉื:
ื—ืณ

This is the reading: ื™ืฆืื• ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืžื ืืŸ ืื—ื“, ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืงื•ืœืงื™ืŸ โ€“ if two [animals] came out as one (i.e., at the same time) one next to the other at the width of the opening and he counted them as one pair, he counts all of them two by two, pair-by-pair, and the tenth pair is holy with the sanctity of tithing. And the same law applies if he counted them by threes or by fours.

ืžื ืืŸ ืื—ื“ โ€“ to the first two [animals] that came out he counted as one, and to the third, is the second and to the fourth is the third.

ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ืŸ โ€“ because the ninth according to his counting is really the tenth, and the tenth according to his counting is really the eleventh, and because of this, they are spoiled and they should be put out to pasture until they develop a blemish. But this is not similar to calling the tenth โ€“ the ninth or the eleventh โ€“ the tenth, for the tenth is a tithe and the eleventh is offered as peace offering, for there, it came out one by one, and when he reached the tenth and called it the ninth, and to the eleventh and he called it the tenth, he confirms to the entire world that the ninth according to his counting is the tenth of the animals/cattle, and that the tenth is the eleventh, but he himself changed and erred, therefore, the tenth is a complete tithe, and the eleventh is offered as a peace offering from the decree of the King, as we explain further on. But here, when two went out [of the corral/pen] and he did not make it clear that it was the tenth, that he calls it the ninth, which is the tenth, it is not a complete tithing of its own, as he himself also stated that it is not, therefore, they are spoiled.

ืฉืœืฉืชืŸ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื โ€“ as it is written (Leviticus 27:32): โ€œAll tithes of the herd [or flock],โ€ to include the ninth and the eleventh. It is possible that I also include even the eighth and the seventh. You said, for since and it is holy (see the end of Leviticus 27:32), and his error is sanctified, what is not holy is only that which is near/next to it, meaning to say, the tenth itself which is next to it/adjacent to its body, even his error is not sanctified other than which is adjacent/next to the tenth โ€“ which is the ninth from before it and the eleventh from after it.

ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชืžื•ืจื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืชืžื•ืจื” โ€“ Rabbi Yehuda holds that this eleventh [animal] is a substitute, for that which he called the โ€œtenthโ€ is considered like that which is in place of the tenth, but there is no substitute which imparts the status of a substitute to another, as it is written (Leviticus 27:33): โ€œthen it and its substitute shall both be holyโ€ โ€“ but not the substitution of the substitution.

ืืžืจื• ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ โ€“ it is not a substitution. The eleventh is not a substitution for the tenth. For if it was a substitution, it would not be offered as a sacrifice, for the substitution of the tithe is not offered, as it is written (Numbers 18:17): โ€œ[But the firstlings of cattle, sheep, or goats] may not be redeemed; they are consecrated. [You shall dash their blood against the altar, and turn their fat into smoke as a pleasing odor to the LORD],โ€ they are offered as sacrifices, but not their substitutions, and it is written concerning firstlings, and we derive tithes from it. And the Halakha is that the eleventh does not become a substitution/replacement.

ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื ืขืงืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืžื ื• โ€“ wherever that he called the tenth the tenth, furthermore, he cannot advance the eleventh for what he called the tenth [which was not deprived of its proper name].

ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื. ืžื ืืŸ ืื—ื“, ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ืŸ. ื™ืฆืื• ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื–ื” ืืฆืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืคืชื— ื•ืžื ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืื—ื“, ืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ื–ื•ื’ ื–ื•ื’, ื•ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืžืขืฉืจ. ื•ื”ืดื” ืื ืžื ืืŸ ืฉืœืฉื” ืื• ืืจื‘ืขื”:

ืžื ืืŸ ืื—ื“. ืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžื ื” ืื—ื“, ื•ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™:

ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืช, ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื• ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื ื•ื™ืจืขื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืกืชืื‘ื•. ื•ืœื ื“ืžื• ืœืงืจื ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืœืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™, ื“ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ื•ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื™ื, ื“ื”ืชื ื ืคืง ืื—ื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ื™ ืžื˜ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ืงืจื™ื™ื” ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืœืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืงืจื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžื‘ืจื™ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืฉื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืœื‘ื”ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ, ื•ืื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื“ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื˜ืขื”, ื”ืœื›ืš ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืœืš, ื›ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ืœืงืžืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ื“ื™ืฆืื• ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืจื™ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื“ืœื”ื•ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™, ืœืื• ืžืขืฉืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืืœื™ื•, ื•ื›ื“ืืžืจ ืื™ื”ื• ื ืžื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื™, ื”ืœื›ืš ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื:

ืฉืœืฉืชืŸ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ืดื–:ืœืดื‘) ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื‘ื” ืืฃ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ืืžืจืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื˜ืขื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช, ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืืฆืœ ื’ื•ืคื•, ืืฃ ื˜ืขื•ืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืืœื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืžืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื•:

ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชืžื•ืจื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืชืžื•ืจื”. ืกื‘ืจ ืจืณ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื“ื”ืื™ ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ื”ื•ื™ ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื“ื”ืื™ ื“ืงืจื™ื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืชื”ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ืžื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชืžื•ืจื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืชืžื•ืจื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื) ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ืชืžื•ืจืชื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื ืชืžื•ืจืช ืชืžื•ืจืชื•:

ืืžืจื• ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ. ืื™ื ื” ืชืžื•ืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™. ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื‘, ื“ืชืžื•ืจืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืื™ื ื” ืงืจื™ื‘ื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืดื—:ื™ืดื–) ืœื ืชืคื“ื” ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื, ื”ื ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืชืžื•ืจืชืŸ, ื•ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘, ื•ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืขืฉืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื”. ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ืชืžื•ืจื”:

ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื ืขืงืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืžื ื•. ื“ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื. ื“ืงืจื ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™, ืชื• ืœื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืžืื™ ื“ืงืจื™ ืœื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื™:

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