Sukkah 1:7 - 1:8

תקרה – a roof made of beams or boards.

מעזיבה – the plaster or lime that they would regularly put on the beams and the boards is called a concrete of stone-chippings as a pavement covering the ceiling of the lower story and serving as flooring for he upper story.

מפקפק – tear down and shake all of them.

או נוטל אחת בינתים – and place fit festive covering for the Booth/S’khakh in its place. Rabbi Yehuda, according to his reasoning, who declares fit for S’khakh on the boards, therefore, tearing down is sufficient. But without tearing down, it is impossible because making something that is not from that which is already made.

ר"מ אומר – The Schools of Shammai and Hillel did not disagree in this matter, as all of them admit tha tone must take one of the boards between each two and tearing down and shaking them does not have any effect. But Rabbi Meir, according to his reasoning who said that we do not place festive covering for the Booth on boards. But the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda who said in the name of the School of Hillel.

שפודין – which is not appropriate for S’khakh/festive covering for the Booth, since it is not that which grows in the ground.

[בארוכות] המטה – utensils that [are susceptible] to receiving ritual defilement.

אם יש ריוח ביניהן כמותן – not exactly actually equivalent to their own breadth but not more, for the place of the spit is considered like breached/broken through part, and when one places appropriate S’khaha/festive covering for the Booth between each spit and there isn’t between them other than their own breadth, it is breached as it stands and is invalid, but by force, the space that is between them a bit more than their breadth.

החוטט בגדיש – he took from the sheaves of grain below near the earth and made a cavity/space like the measure of a Sukkah and its festive covering, resulting that it is made and stands on its own. But the Torah stated, “do/make the holiday of Sukkot” (Deuteronomy 16:13) but not from what is already made, but if there was a cavity within of a handbreadth among the seven [handbreadths], it is made for the purpose of the festive covering, and if he hallowed it out until he raised the cavity.opening to the measurement of the height of the Sukkah of ten-handbreadths, this [is not] the way it it is made, for he is not repairing/fixing anything other than the walls, and regarding the walls, we don’t say, “do/make” and not from something already made, for it is like a Sukkah that is less than ten [handbreadths] and he hallowed it out in order to complete it for the ten [handbreadths required].