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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Yevamos 2:3 - 2:4

The Mishnah Yomi for Friday, October 27, 2023 is Yevamos 2:3 - 2:4

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 2 Mishnah 3

יבמות פרק ב׳ משנה ג׳

3
The Sages stated a principle about a yevama: Whoever is forbidden by a prohibition of forbidden relations to her yavam neither performs ḥalitza nor enters into levirate marriage and is completely exempt. If she is forbidden by a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or by a prohibition stemming from sanctity, as will be explained later, then since in these cases the obligation of levirate marriage is not fundamentally nullified she performs ḥalitza in order to become free of the levirate bond, and due to her prohibition she does not enter into levirate marriage. The Sages stated another principle: If two sisters who had been married to two brothers who subsequently died happened before the third brother for levirate marriage, and one of those sisters is a close relation to this third brother and is therefore forbidden to him, she is exempt from levirate marriage. But the other, her sister who is her yevama, i.e., her sister-in-law, performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. In this case, they are not ruled to be two sisters who happened before him simultaneously for levirate marriage, since one of them is prohibited to him as a forbidden relation, and therefore she never actually happened before him at all.
כְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַיְבָמָה. כָּל שֶׁהִיא אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, לֹא חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. אִסּוּרָהּ אִסּוּר מִצְוָה, וְאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. אֲחוֹתָהּ שֶׁהִיא יְבִמְתָּהּ, חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת:
ג׳

לא חולצת ולא מתיבמת – her rival/co-wife and all the more so she herself, and similarly, a barren woman, as it is written (Deuteronomy 25:6): “[The first son] that she bears [shall be accounted to the dead brother that his name not be blotted out in Israel],” excluding a barren woman [ and similarly, the wife of a eunuch born without visible testicles and an androgynous individual does not engage in Halitzah nor levirate marriage, as it states ( there -Deuteronomy 25:5): “[When brothers dwell together and one of them lies] and leaves no son, [the wife of the deceased shall not be married to a stranger, outside the family],” excluding those for whom it is inappropriate for them to have children, and the wife of a convert and the wife of a freed slave does not engage in Halitzah nor levirate marriage, for there is no legal status of consanguinity neither for converts nor slaves, but a barren woman and an elderly women either engages in Halitzah or levirate marriage.

אחותה – [her sister] who is a woman forbidden to a man on account of consanguinity when she is [also] her sister-in-law [widow of her childless brother-in-law] such as, for example, when two sisters fell to him from his two brothers and the one is prohibited upon him because of consanguinity such as when she is his mother-in-law or daughter-in-law, she performs Halitzah or levirate marriage but now did not come in contact with the sister of his levirate relation because someone forbidden on account of consanguinity is not his levirate relation.

לא חולצת ולא מתיבמת. צרתה, וכל שכן היא. וכן אילונית, דכתיב (דברים כ״ה) אשר תלד, פרט לאילונית. וכן אשת סריס חמה ואנדרוגינוס, לא חולצת ולא מתיבמת, שנאמר (שם) ובן אין לו, פרט לאלו שאין ראוי להיות להם בנים. ואשת גר ואשת עבד משוחרר, לא חולצת ולא מתיבמת, שאין אחוה לגרים ולא לעבדים. אבל עקרה וזקנה, או חולצת או מתיבמת:

אחותה. של ערוה כשהיא יבמתה. כגון שנפלו לו שתי אחיות משני אחיו והאחת אסורה עליו משום ערוה כגון שהיא חמותו או כלתו חולצת או מתיבמת דהשתא לא פגע באחות זקוקתו, משום דערוה לאו זקוקתו היא:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 2 Mishnah 4

יבמות פרק ב׳ משנה ד׳

4
The mishna explains: A prohibition resulting from a mitzva is referring to secondary forbidden relationships, which are prohibited by rabbinic law. The Sages prohibited marriage to certain women who were not forbidden by the Torah but were nevertheless deemed forbidden incestuous relations. A prohibition stemming from sanctity is referring to marriage of a widow to a High Priest, a divorcée or a woman who has performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] to a common priest, a daughter born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzeret] or a Gibeonite woman to an Israelite, and also an Israelite woman to a Gibeonite or to a son born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzer].
אִסּוּר מִצְוָה, שְׁנִיּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. אִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וּבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְנָתִין וּמַמְזֵר:
ד׳

שניות – [secondary grade of forbidden relationships seen as incestuous] – forbidden incestuous or adulterous sexual relationships that the Scribes/Soferim decreed upon them which are called prohibitions resulting from a Mitzvah (i.e., based upon the Mitzvah not to deviate from the rulings of the Sages – see Deuteronomy 17:11), for it is a Mitzvah to hearken to the words of the Sages, and which are they? The mother of his mother, and there is no limitation but if it is the father of his mother alone, and the mother of his father, and it has no limitation [and if the father of his father] and the wife of his father’s father, and it has no limitation, and the wife of his mother’s father alone, and the wife of his brother’s father from the mother, and the wife of his mother’s brother, whether from the mother or whether from the father and there is no limitation, and daughter-in-law of his daughter, and the daughter of his son’s daughter and the daughter of the daughter’s daughter and the daughter of’s his son’s son and the daughter of his son’s daughter, and the daughter [of the daughter] of the son of his wife, and the daughter [of the daughter] of his wife’s daughter, and the mother of the mother of his father’s wife, and the mother of [the mother] of his wife’s mother, and the father of the mother of his wife’s mother, and the mother of the father of his father’s wife.

גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט – such as, for example, that he (i.e., as a Kohen) transgressed his dead brother and had married a divorcee or a woman who had undergone Halitzah, and when he died, she needs Halitzah for Kiddushin/betrothal takes effect in those liable for violating negative commandments, but not levirate marriage, for she is prohibited to him, but to exempt/free her without anything is impossible, for it is not strong to release her, for we derive “her” from the wife’s sister, which is punishable by extirpation.

שניות. לעריות. שגזרו סופרים עליהם. ונקראו איסור מצוה, שמצוה לשמוע דברי חכמים. ואלו הן, אם אמו ואין לה הפסק, ואם אבי אמו בלבד, ואם אביו ואין לה הפסק, [ואם אבי אביו], ואשת אבי אביו ואין לה הפסק, ואשת אבי אמו בלבד, ואשת אחי האב מן האם, ואשת אחי האם בין מן האם בין מן האב, וכלת בנו ואין לה הפסק, וכלת בתו, ובת בת בנו, ובת בת בתו, ובת בן בנו, ובת בן בתו, ובת בת בן אשתו, ובת בת בת אשתו, ואם אם אבי אשתו, ואם אם אם אשתו, ואם אב אם אשתו, ואם אב אבי אשתו:

אלמנה לכהן גדול. שמת אחיו ההדיוט ונפלה אשתו לפניו:

גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט. כגון שעבר אחיו המת ונשא גרושה וחלוצה, וכשמת צריכה חליצה, שהרי תפסו לו בה קדושין משום דקדושין תופסין בחייבי לאוין. אבל יבומי לא, שהרי היא אסורה לו. ולפטרה בלא כלום אי אפשר, דלא אלים לאו למפטרה, דילפינן לה מאחות אשה שהיא בכרת:

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