Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 13 Mishnah 6
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יבמות פרק י"ג משנה ו׳
With regard to one who divorces a woman and remarries her and then dies childless, his wife is permitted to enter into levirate marriage with her yavam, but Rabbi Elazar prohibits this. Likewise, with regard to one who divorces an orphaned minor girl whose mother and brothers married her off and remarries her and subsequently dies, she is permitted to the yavam in levirate marriage, and Rabbi Elazar prohibits it. A minor girl whose father married her off, in which case the marriage is valid by Torah law, and who was subsequently divorced while she was still a minor is like an orphan during the lifetime of her father, as he no longer has the right to marry her off, and she cannot become fully married because she is a minor. And if the husband remarries her while she is still a minor and then dies childless, everyone agrees that she is forbidden to the yavam and may not enter into levirate marriage.
הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הַיְתוֹמָה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה, כִּיתוֹמָה בְחַיֵּי הָאָב. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל, אֲסוּרָה לַיָּבָם:
Bartenura
מותרת ליבם. ולא אמרינן נישואין הראשונים מפילין היבמה לפני היבם ומשעה שגירשה אחיו קיימא עליה באיסור אשת אח דהויא לה גרושת אחיו:
רבי אליעזר אוסר. דגזר כל הני אטו יתומה בחיי האב דאמרינן לקמן במתניתין דלאחר חזרתה הרי היא כגרושה אפילו לרבנן. ואין הלכה כרבי אליעזר:
כיתומה בחיי האב. אף על פי שהאב חי הרי היא כיתומה לענין קדושין, דשוב אין לאב כח לקבל קדושיה. ואם החזירה בקטנותה, אסורה ליבם אם מת בקטנותה, דקדושי חזרה אינן כלום הואיל ופקע רשות אב מינה והיא אין לה יד, והויא כגרושה ועומדת:
מותרת לבים – and we don’t say that the first marriage cause the sister-in-law to fall before the levir, and from the time that his brother divorced her, it establishes upon her the prohibition of the brother’s wife, that would be for her upon the divorce of his brother.
רבי אליעזר אוסר – he decrees all of these because of the orphan during the life of the father, for we say further on in our Mishnah that after her return, she is like a divorced woman even according to the Rabbis, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.
ביתומה בחיי האב – even though the father is living, she is like an orphan in regard to Kiddushin, for furthermore, the father does not have the power to receive her betrothal/Kiddushin. But if he restored her [as his wife] while she was a minor, she prohibited to engage in levirate marriage if he dies while she is a minor, for the return of betrothal/Kiddushin is not anything, for since the control of the father upon her has been released, she herself lacks a hand and she would be like a divorced woman continuously.