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Mishnayos Yadayim Perek 3 Mishnah 1

ידים פרק ג׳ משנה א׳

1

If a person puts his hands inside a house with scale disease, his hands have first degree uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Akiba. But the sages say: his hands have second degree uncleanness. Whoever defiles garments: at the time when he touches [the uncleanness], he defiles hands so that they have first degree uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Akiba. But the sages say: such that they have second degree of uncleanness. They said to Rabbi Akiba: where do we find anywhere that hands have first degree uncleanness? He said to them: but how is it possible for them to become unclean with first degree uncleanness without his whole body becoming unclean? Only in these cases [can they have first degree uncleanness]. Foods and vessels which have been defiled by liquids convey second degree of uncleanness to the hands, the words of Rabbi Joshua. But the sages say: that which has been defiled by a father of uncleanness conveys uncleanness to the hands, but that which has been defiled by an offspring of uncleanness does not defiled the hands. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said: it happened that a certain woman came before my father and said to him, "My hands went into the air-space inside an earthenware vessel." He said to her: "My daughter, what was the cause of its uncleanness?" But I did not hear what she said to him. The sages said: the matter is clear that which has been defiled by a father of uncleanness conveys uncleanness to the hands, but that which has been rendered unclean by an offspring of uncleanness does not defiled the hands.

הַמַּכְנִיס יָדָיו לְבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, יָדָיו תְּחִלּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יָדָיו שְׁנִיּוֹת. כֹּל הַמְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הֵיכָן מָצִינוּ שֶׁהַיָּדַיִם תְּחִלָּה בְכָל מָקוֹם. אָמַר לָהֶם, וְכִי הֵיאַךְ אֶפְשָׁר לָהֶן לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִטְמָא גוּפוֹ, חוּץ מִזֶּה. הָאֳכָלִין וְהַכֵּלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִין, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, מַעֲשֶׂה בְאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁבָּאָת לִפְנֵי אַבָּא, אָמְרָה לוֹ, נִכְנְסוּ יָדַי לַאֲוִיר כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ. אָמַר לָהּ, בִּתִּי, וּבַמֶּה הָיְתָה טֻמְאָתָהּ, וְלֹא שָׁמַעְתִּי מָה אָמְרָה לוֹ. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, מְבֹאָר הַדָּבָר. אֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדָיִם:

א׳
Bartenura

המכניס ידיו לבית המנוגע ידיו תחילות (a person who pokes his hands into a leprous house -his hands are first degree of uncleanness) – it invalidates first degree in non-sacred matters, for something that is first-degree of uncleanness makes something second-degree of uncleanness in non-sacred things. And defiles first degree and invalidates first degree of uncleanness with heave-offering/Terumah. And it defiles two things and invalidates one in holy things.

כל המטמא בגדים בשעת מגעו – as for example the flux of a person with gonorrhea and his spittle, and all of these are taught in the last chapter [Five] of [Tractate] Zavim [Mishnah 7] that a person who comes in contact with them defiles clothing at the time of his contact (see Mishnah 1 of that chapter).

וכי היאך אשפר להן להיות תחילה – for it is not worthy to become first degree of uncleanness other than if that person came in contact with a primary source of ritual uncleanness. But if his hands came in contact with a primary source of ritual uncleanness, all of his body is defiled. Therefore, it is not in my hands to find the hands as a first-degree of ritual uncleanness, other than one pokes his hands into a leprous house, for if he poked his hands, he was not defied entirely, but if he defiles his clothing at the time of his contact, even though he is considered a primary source of ritual uncleanness to defile clothing and make something first-degree and second-degree of ritual uncleanness, he is not considered a primary source of uncleanness to defile a person, but he defiles the hands that came in contact with it to be first-degree of ritual uncleanness. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Akiva.

את שנטמא באב הטומאה – that is to say, food and utensils/vessels that were defiled by a primary source of ritual uncleanness.

מטמאין את הידים – but not food nor utensils/vessels that were defiled by liquids, for something that is second-degree ritual uncleanness does not make something second-degree ritual uncleanness. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

במה היתה הטומאה – of the oven, through a primary source of ritual uncleanness or through a liquid.

המכניס ידיו לבית המנוגע ידיו תחילות. פוסל אחד בחולין, דראשון עושה שני בחולין. ומטמא אחד ופוסל אחד בתרומה. ומטמא שנים ופוסל אחד בקודש:

כל המטמא בגדים בשעת מגעו. כגון זובו של זב ורוקו, וכל הני דתנן בפרק בתרא דזבים, שהנוגע בהן מטמא בגדים בשעת מגעו:

וכי היאך אפשר להם להיות תחילה. שאין ראוי להיות תחילה אלא הנוגע באב הטומאה. ואם נגע בידיו באב הטומאה, נטמא כל גופו. הלכך אין בידי למצוא [לכם] ידים תחילה, חוץ מהמכניס ידיו לבית המנוגע, שאם הכניס ידיו לא נטמא כולו. והמטמא בגדים בשעת מגעו, שאף על פי שהוא חשוב אב הטומאה לטמא בגדים ולעשות ראשון ושני, אינו חשוב אב הטומאה לטמא אדם, אבל מטמא את הידים שנגעו בו להיות תחילות. ואין הלכה כר׳ עקיבא:

את שנטמא באב הטומאה. כלומר, אוכלים וכלים שנטמאו באב הטומאה:

מטמאין את הידים. ולא אוכלים וכלים שנטמאו במשקין. דאין שני עושה שני. והלכה כחכמים:

במה היתה הטומאה. של תנור, באב הטומאה או במשקה: