Mishnayos Temurah Perek 5 Mishnah 1
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תמורה פרק ה׳ משנה א׳
How may one employ artifice to circumvent the obligation to give the firstborn to the priest and utilize the animal for a different offering that he is obligated to bring? The owner approaches an animal that is going to give birth to its firstborn while that animal was still pregnant, and says: That which is in the womb of this animal, if it is male, is designated as a burnt offering. In that case, if the animal gave birth to a male, it will be sacrificed as a burnt offering. And in a case where he says: If it is female, it is designated as a peace offering, if the animal gave birth to a female, it will be sacrificed as a peace offering. In a case where the owner says: If it is male it is designated as a burnt offering, and if it is female it is designated as a peace offering, and the animal gave birth to a male and a female, the male will be sacrificed as a burnt offering and the female will be sacrificed as a peace offering.
כֵּיצַד מַעֲרִימִים עַל הַבְּכוֹר. מְבַכֶּרֶת שֶׁהָיְתָה מְעֻבֶּרֶת, אוֹמֵר, מַה שֶּׁבְּמֵעֶיהָ שֶׁל זוֹ, אִם זָכָר, עוֹלָה, יָלְדָה זָכָר, יִקְרַב עוֹלָה. וְאִם נְקֵבָה, זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, יָלְדָה נְקֵבָה, תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. אִם זָכָר עוֹלָה, אִם נְקֵבָה זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, יָלְדָה זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, הַזָּכָר יִקְרַב עוֹלָה, וְהַנְּקֵבָה תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים:
Bartenura
כיצד מערימין על הבכור. להפקיעו מכהן ולהקריבו לחובתו:
ילדה זכר יקרב עולה. דבכור לא קדיש אלא מרחם, וכיון דמעיקרא אתפסיה בקדושה אחריתא, תו לא חיילא עליה קדושת בכורה:
ואם נקבה זבחי שלמים. לאו במבכרת מיירי, דאין הנקבה קדושה בבכורה דבעי לאערומי עלה. אלא בבהמת קדשים, דאם חטאת היא ונתעברה ורוצה להערים שלא ילך למיתה, דולד חטאת למיתה אזיל, ישנהו לקדושה אחרת. [וקמשמע לן] ולדות קדשים בהוייתן קדושים ולא במעי אמן, וכיון דעדיין לא קדשו קדושת אמן, מצי לארכובי עלייהו קדושה אחריתי, דלכי מתיליד לא הוי חטאת:
כיצד מערימין על הבכור – to cancel the obligation/release it (i.e., the firstling) from the Kohen and to sacrifice it for his own obligation.
ילדה זכר יקרב עולה – for a firstling is not holy other than in the womb, and since ab initio, it takes effect in another holiness, furthermore, the holiness of its being a firstling no long takes effect with it.
ואם נקבה זבחי שלמים – we are not speaking about a female beast, for the female is not holy with the firstling that one needs to make a deception on it. But the sanctified beast, that if it is sin-offering and she became pregnant and one wants to make a deception so that it will not go to die, for the offspring of a sin-offering goes to its death, one can change it it to another sanctity. [And this comes to inform us] that the offspring of Holy Things, while they are born holy and not in the wombs of their mother, for since they had not yet been sanctified with the holiness of their mothers, one is able to engraft upon them another holiness, so that when they are born, they will not be a sin-offering.