Mishnayos Sotah Perek 8 Mishnah 4
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סוטה פרק ח׳ משנה ד׳
These are the men who do not even move from their places because they do not even report to the camp: One who built a house and dedicated it within the year; one who planted a vineyard and used its fruit for less than a year; one who marries his betrothed and one who marries his yevama, his brother’s widow who must enter into a levirate marriage or perform ḥalitza, as it is stated: “When a man takes a new wife, he shall not go out with the army…he shall be free for his house one year, and shall cheer his wife whom he has taken” (Deuteronomy 24:5). The mishna interprets the verse as follows: “For his house”; this means his house that he built. “He shall be”; this term includes his vineyard. “And shall cheer his wife”; this is his wife. “Whom he has taken”; this phrase comes to include his yevama, who is considered his wife with respect to this halakha although he has not yet married her. Those who are exempt for these reasons do not even provide water and food to the soldiers, and they do not repair the roads.
וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין זָזִין מִמְּקוֹמָן. בָּנָה בַיִת וַחֲנָכוֹ, נָטַע כֶּרֶם וְחִלְּלוֹ, הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת אֲרוּסָתוֹ, הַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כד), נָקִי יִהְיֶה לְבֵיתוֹ שָׁנָה אֶחָת. לְבֵיתוֹ, זֶה בֵּיתוֹ. יִהְיֶה, זֶה כַּרְמוֹ. וְשִׂמַּח אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, זוֹ אִשְׁתּוֹ. אֲשֶׁר לָקָח, לְהָבִיא אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ. אֵינָן מַסְפִּיקִין מַיִם וּמָזוֹן וְאֵינָן מְתַקְּנִין אֶת הַדְּרָכִים:
Bartenura
ואלו שאין זזין ממקומן. דהנך דלעיל הולכים עד הגבול ושם שומעין דברי כהן וחוזרים מן המערכה לתוך ארץ ישראל ואין חוזרין לבתיהן אלא עוסקים לספק מים ומזון להולכים למלחמה. ואלו אין זזין ממקומן ואפילו ללכת עד הספר ולשוב על פי כהן:
הבונה בית וחנכו. ולא דר בו עדיין שנה. וכן הנוטע כרם וחללו, ועדיין לא עברה שנה רביעית שלימה עליו:
נקי יהיה לביתו. בשביל ביתו:
יהיה. לריבויא הוא. הוסיף לך הכתוב הויה אחרת להיות כזו:
ואלו שאין זזין ממקומן – for those above go until the border. And there, we hear the words of the Kohen and they return from the battlefield into the midst of the land of Israel. But they do not return to their homes but rather engage in providing water and food to those who go to war and these do not move from their places and even to go to the border line and to return at the direction of the Kohen.
הבונה בית וחנכו – and do not live in it for a year yet, and similarly, one who plants a vineyard and redeem it, and the fourth year has not yet passed upon it.
נקי יהיה לביתו – for his house.
יהיה – an amplification which the Biblical verse adds to you which is something other that should be like this.