Mishnayos Shabbos Perek 3 Mishnah 2
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שבת פרק ג׳ משנה ב׳
The halakhot that were stated with regard to a stove were specific to a stove’s unique structure and the manner in which it retains heat. However, with regard to other baking apparatuses, i.e., an oven or a kupaḥ, there are different rules. The mishna delineates: An oven that they lit even with straw or rakings, one may neither place a pot inside it nor atop it on Shabbat. Whereas a kupaḥ that was lit with straw or rakings, its legal status is like that of a stove, and one is permitted to place a pot atop it on Shabbat. If it were lit with pomace or with wood, its legal status is like that of an oven and it is prohibited to place a pot atop it on Shabbat.
תַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בְקַשׁ וּבַגְּבָבָא, לֹא יִתֵּן בֵּין מִתּוֹכוֹ בֵּין מֵעַל גַּבָּיו. כֻּפָּח שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בְקַשׁ וּבִגְבָבָא, הֲרֵי זֶה כְכִירַיִם, בְּגֶפֶת וּבְעֵצִים, הֲרֵי הוּא כְתַנּוּר:
Bartenura
תנור. מתוך שצר למעלה ורחב למטה נקלט חומו לתוכו טפי מכירה, ואפילו הסיקוהו בקש ובגבבא חיישינן שמא יחתה דלעולם אינו מסיח דעתו ממנו:
בין מעל גביו. לסמוך אצל דופנו:
כופח. עשוי ככירה, אלא שארכו כרחבו ואין בו אלא מקום שפיתת קדרה אחת, והאש עוברת תחתיה והבלו רב מהבל הכירה, שהכירה פתוחה מלמעלה שיעור שתי קדרות והכופח אין פתוח אלא שיעור קדרה אחת, ופחות מהבל התנור:
תנור – because it is narrow above and wide below, it absorbs its heat into it more than a double stove and even if he heated it with straw and rakings, we fear that he might rake the coals under the ashes, for he never removes it from his mind.
בין מגביו – for support near its walls.
כופח – it is made like a double stove but its length is like its width and is stove which only has room for one pot (Tractate Shabbat 38b), and the fire passes underneath it and its vapor is greater than that of the double stove for the double stove is open above for two pots and the brazier/small stove is not open other than for the measure of one pot and has less than the vapor of an oven.