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Mishnayos Rosh Hashanah Perek 2 Mishnah 1

ראש השנה פרק ב׳ משנה א׳

1

If the members of the Great Sanhedrin in Jerusalem are not familiar with that one who saw the new moon, i.e., that he is a valid witness, the members of his local court of twenty-three send another with him to testify about him. The mishna adds: Initially, the court would accept testimony to determine the start of the month from any person, as all are presumed to be qualified witnesses, absent any disqualifying factors. However, when the Boethusians, a sect whose members had their own opinions with regard to the establishment of the Festivals, corrupted the process by sending false witnesses to testify about the new moon, the Sages instituted that they would accept this testimony only from those men familiar to the Sanhedrin as valid witnesses.

אִם אֵינָן מַכִּירִין אוֹתוֹ, מְשַׁלְּחִין אַחֵר עִמּוֹ לַהֲעִידוֹ. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מְקַבְּלִין עֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ מִכָּל אָדָם. מִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִין, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ מְקַבְּלִין אֶלָּא מִן הַמַּכִּירִים:

א׳
Bartenura

אם אינן מכירין אותו – If the Jewish court does not recognize concerning the witness if he trustworthy or fit/valid.

משלחים – the Jewish court that is in his city.

אחר עמו – another pair of witnesses to testify about him before the Great Jewish Court which sanctifies the [New] Moon.

משקלקלו המינין – that they hired false witnesses to deceive the Sages.

אם אינן מכירין אותו. אם אין בית דין מכירין את העד אם נאמן וכשר הוא:

משלחים. בית דין שבעירו:

אחר עמו. זוג אחר של עדים, להעיד עליו לפני ב״ד הגדול שמקדשים את החודש:

משקלקלו המינין. ששכרו עדי שקר להטעות את החכמים: