Mishnayos Nedarim Perek 9 Mishnah 10
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נדרים פרק ט׳ משנה י׳
The mishna continues: If a man said: Marrying ugly so-and-so is konam for me, and she is in fact beautiful, or if, in vowing not to marry her, he called her black, and she is in fact white, or if, in vowing not to marry her, he called her short, and she is in fact tall, he is permitted to her. Not because she was ugly and became beautiful, black and became white, or short and became tall, but rather, because the vow was mistaken from the outset. The Gemara relates: And an incident occurred with regard to one who vowed against deriving benefit from the daughter of his sister, as he did not wish to marry her. And they brought her into the house of Rabbi Yishmael and he beautified her. When she was later brought before the one who took the vow, Rabbi Yishmael said to him: My son, did you vow that you would not derive benefit from this woman? He said to him: No, and Rabbi Yishmael permitted her to him, as he demonstrated that the vow had been made in error. At that time Rabbi Yishmael wept and said: The daughters of Israel are beautiful, but poverty makes them ugly. And when Rabbi Yishmael died, the daughters of Israel raised a lamentation, saying: Daughters of Israel, weep for Rabbi Yishmael. And it likewise states about Saul, who also concerned himself with the welfare of the daughters of Israel: “Daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet with other delights, who put ornaments of gold upon your apparel” (II Samuel 1:24).
קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹשֵׂא אֶת פְּלוֹנִית כְּעוּרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא נָאָה. שְׁחוֹרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא לְבָנָה. קְצָרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא אֲרֻכָּה, מֻתָּר בָּהּ. לֹא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְעוּרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית נָאָה, שְׁחוֹרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית לְבָנָה, קְצָרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית אֲרֻכָּה, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַנֶּדֶר טָעוּת. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מִבַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ הֲנָיָה, וְהִכְנִיסוּהָ לְבֵית רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְיִפּוּהָ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, בְּנִי, לָזוֹ נָדָרְתָּ. אָמַר לוֹ, לָאו. וְהִתִּירוֹ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה בָּכָה רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְאָמַר, בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נָאוֹת הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָעֲנִיּוּת מְנַוַּלְתָּן. וּכְשֶׁמֵּת רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, הָיוּ בְנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹשְׂאוֹת קִינָה וְאוֹמְרוֹת, בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּכֶינָה. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשָׁאוּל (שמואל ב א) בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל שָׁאוּל בְּכֶינָה:
Bartenura
אלא שהנדר טעות. מעיקרו, שבשעת הנדר היתה לבנה, ואינו צריך שאלה לחכם:
מעשה באחד שנדר וכו׳ בגמרא מפרש דחסורי מחסרא והכי קתני, רבי ישמעאל אומר אפילו כעורה ונעשית יפה, שחורה ונעשית לבנה, ומעשה נמי וכו׳. דת״ק לא שרי אלא בזמן שהיה הנדר טעות מעיקרו, כגון שהיתה יפה בשעת הנדר. ורבי ישמעאל סבר שאע״פ שלא נעשית יפה אלא לאחר הנדר, הנדר מותר, דכיון שיכולין ליפותה לא היתה כעורה מעיקרא. ואין הלכה כרבי ישמעאל:
אלא שהנדר טעות – from its essence, for at the time of the vow, she was white, and it doesn’t require a request made to a Sage [to release him from his vow].
מעשה באחד שנדר וכו' – In the Gemara (Tractate Nedarim 66a), it explains that the Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows: Rabbi Yishmael states: Even if she was ugly and became pretty/beautiful; black and became white, and there is a story/episode also, etc., for the first Tanna/teacher did not permit other than at a time when the vow was in error from its essence, such as, for example, that she was beautiful at the time of the vow. But Rabbi Yishmael holds that even though she didn’t become beautiful until after the vow [was taken], the vow is annulled, for since one can make her beautiful, she was not ugly from the beginning. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yishmael.