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Perek 2

Mishnayos Meilah Perek 2 Mishnah 9

מעילה פרק ב׳ משנה ט׳

9
The mishna lists sacrificial items that are consumed in their entirety on the altar and of which the priests have no share. One is liable for misuse of the handful taken from the meal offering, and the frankincense burned with the handful on the altar, and the incense burned each day on the golden altar in the Sanctuary, and the meal offering of priests, from which a handful is not taken but which is burned in its entirety, and the meal offering of the anointed priest, i.e., the High Priest, and the meal offering sacrificed with the libations that accompany offerings. In all these cases, one is liable for misuse from the moment that they were consecrated through declaration. Once one consecrated them by placing them in the appropriate service vessel, each was rendered susceptible to disqualification for sacrifice through contact with one who immersed in a ritual bath that day, and through contact with one who has not yet brought an atonement offering, and through its blood being left overnight, and one is liable to receive karet for eating it, due to violation of the prohibition of notar, and due to the prohibition of partaking of it while ritually impure; but there is no liability for piggul in each of these cases. This is the principle that applies to piggul: With regard to any consecrated item that has permitting factors, i.e., there is another item whose sacrifice renders it permitted for consumption by the altar or by an individual, one is not liable due to violation of the prohibition of piggul, and the prohibition of notar, and the prohibition of partaking of it while ritually impure, until they sacrifice the permitting factors. And with regard to any item that does not have permitting factors, e.g., the handful and the frankincense, as they render other items permitted whereas no other items are needed to render them permitted, once one sanctified them in the appropriate service vessel, one is liable to receive karet for eating it, due to violation of the prohibition of notar, and the prohibition of partaking of it while ritually impure; but there is no liability for piggul in those cases.
הַקֹּמֶץ, וְהַלְּבוֹנָה, וְהַקְּטֹרֶת, וּמְנָחוֹת כֹּהֲנִים, וּמִנְחַת כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ, וּמִנְחַת נְסָכִין, מוֹעֲלִין בָּהֶן מִשֶּׁהֻקְדְּשׁוּ. קָדְשׁוּ בַכְּלִי, הֻכְשְׁרוּ לִפָּסֵל בִּטְבוּל יוֹם וּבִמְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים וּבְלִינָה, וְחַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן מִשּׁוּם נוֹתָר וּמִשּׁוּם טָמֵא, וּפִגּוּל אֵין בָּהֶן. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מַתִּירִין, אֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו מִשּׁוּם פִּגּוּל, נוֹתָר וְטָמֵא, עַד שֶׁיִּקְרְבוּ מַתִּירָיו. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ מַתִּירִין, כֵּיוָן שֶׁקָּדַשׁ בַּכְּלִי, חַיָּבִין עָלָיו מִשּׁוּם נוֹתָר וּמִשּׁוּם טָמֵא, וּפִגּוּל אֵין בּוֹ:
ט׳

ומנחת נסכים – the meal offering that comes with the sacrifice where there are no remnants, and all of these are burned entirely.

משהוקדשו – mere sanctification by mouth.

ופגול אין בהן – because they don’t have permitting factors

(i.e., in animal sacrifices the blood is the permitting factor while in meal offerings it is the handful of flour; an offering whose permitting factor was not offered is not rendered unfit by improper intention), as for example, peace-offerings and sin-offerings and guilt-offerings, that their blood permits the portions of offerings consumed on the altar and the meat/flesh to the Kohanim, or something that has a permitting factor to the altar alone, such as the burnt-offering of birds and oxen that are burned, that their blood is a permitting factor to the altar alone, as for example, the two loaves (brought as a communal sacrifice on Shavuot) that the blood of the lambs is the permitting factor, and the shewbread (see Leviticus 24:5-9) that are in the dishes are a permitting factor, as for example, the meal offerings that have a permitting factor through a handful of the meal offering which the priest takes to put on the altar. All of these, there is no liability because of inappropriate intention and left-over and impure until the permitting factors are offered, for this is written regarding inappropriate intention (Leviticus 7:18): “[If any of the flesh of his sacrifice of well-being is eaten on the third day,] it shall not be acceptable; [it shall not count for him who offered it. It is an offensive thing],” and we stated the same ceremonies which are needed for the atoning efficacy of the legally performed offering, are required for making it an unfit offering (the eating of which is punishable by extirpation). But the remnant and impure we derive from פיגול /offerings disqualified by inappropriate intention in Tractate Zevakhim in chapter two “All of the Sacrifices” /כל הזבחים (Talmud Zevakhim 28b and 45b).

כל דבר שאין לו מתירין – like those of the handful of the meal offering which the priest takes to put on the altar and the frankincense which are themselves permitting factors themselves but they do not permit any other thing.

חייב משום עליה משום נותר וטמא – because impure things we include them, from what is written (Leviticus 22:3): “if any man among your offspring, while in a state of impurity , partakes of any sacred donation that the Israelite people may consecrate to the LORD, that person shall be cut off [from before Me,” the Biblical verse speaks of all of the Holy Things to make one liable because it is impure, and that which is remnant is derived from the impure (see Talmud Zevakhim 45b).

ומנחת נסכים. מנחה הבאה עם הזבח שאין בה שיריים. וכל הני כליל נינהו:

משהוקדשו. קדושת פה בעלמא:

ופגול אין בהן. לפי שאין להם מתירין ואין פגול נוהג אלא בדבר שקרבו מתיריו כדלקמן:

כל שיש לו מתירין. כגון שלמים וחטאות ואשמות, דדמן מתיר אימורים למזבח והבשר לכהנים. או דבר שיש לו מתירין למזבח בלבד, כגון עולת העוף ופרים הנשרפים, שדמן מתירן למזבח בלבד, וכגון שתי הלחם דדמן של כבשים הוו מתיריהן, ולחם הפנים דבזיכים הוו מתירין, וכגון מנחות דיש להן היתר בקומץ. כל הני אין חייבים עליהם משום פגול ונותר וטמא עד שיקרבו מתירין. דהכי כתיב גבי פיגול לא ירצה, ואמרינן כהרצאת כשר כך הרצאת פסול. ונותר וטמא יליף מפיגול במסכת זבחים בפרק כל הזבחים:

וכל דבר שאין לו מתירין. כי הני הקומץ והלבונה דהן עצמן מתירין הן ואין מתיר אותם שום דבר אחר:

חייב עליה משום נותר וטמא. משום טמא מרבינן להו, מדכתיב (ויקרא כ״ב:ג׳) כל איש אשר יקרב מכל זרעכם אל הקדשים אשר יקדישו בני ישראל לה׳ וטומאתו עליו ונכרתה, בכל הקדשים הכתוב מדבר לחייב עליה משום טמא. ונותר יליף מטמא: