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Mishnayos Kerisos Perek 6 Mishnah 3

כריתות פרק ו׳ משנה ג׳

3

Rabbi Eliezer says: A person may volunteer to bring a provisional guilt offering every day and at any time that he chooses, even if there is no uncertainty as to whether he sinned, and this type of offering was called the guilt offering of the pious, as they brought it due to their constant concern that they might have sinned. They said about Bava ben Buta that he would volunteer to bring a provisional guilt offering every day except for one day after Yom Kippur, when he would not bring the offering. Bava ben Buta said: I take an oath by this abode of the Divine Presence that if they would have allowed me, I would have brought a guilt offering even on that day. But they would say to me: Wait until you enter into a situation of potential uncertainty. And the Rabbis say: One brings a provisional guilt offering only in a case where there is uncertainty as to whether he performed a sin for whose intentional performance one is liable to receive karet and for whose unwitting performance one is liable to bring a sin offering.

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִתְנַדֵּב אָדָם אָשָׁם תָּלוּי בְּכָל יוֹם וּבְכָל שָׁעָה שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, וְהִיא נִקְרֵאת אֲשַׁם חֲסִידִים. אָמְרוּ עָלָיו עַל בָּבָא בֶן בּוּטִי, שֶׁהָיָה מִתְנַדֵּב אָשָׁם תָּלוּי בְּכָל יוֹם, חוּץ מֵאַחַר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים יוֹם אֶחָד. אָמַר, הַמָּעוֹן הַזֶּה, אִלּוּ הָיוּ מַנִּיחִים לִי, הָיִיתִי מֵבִיא, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִים לִי, הַמְתֵּן עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לְסָפֵק. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְבִיאִים אָשָׁם תָּלוּי אֶלָּא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁזְּדוֹנוֹ כָרֵת וְשִׁגְגָתוֹ חַטָּאת:

ג׳
Bartenura

מתנדב אדם אשם תלוי – the essence of a suspensive guilt-offering is a free-will donation, for it you should think that it is obligatory, when he became conscious that he had sinned, why does he bring a sin-offering, but rather, we learn from it, that it is a free-will donation.

חוץ מאחר יוה"כ – for the rest of the days of the year, where it is possible that suspect a doubt of some sin, lest he committed it or did not do so, but now, there isn’t any suspicion, because Yom Kippur atoned [for him].

וחכמים אומרים אין מביאין אשם תלוי – for that is the reason that he brings a suspensive guilt-offering before he becomes aware of it (i.e., whether he sinned or not), to protect him from the suffering until he becomes aware, for the Torah has compassion on the body of Israel, but the suspensive guilt-offering does not come as a free-will donation. But the Halakha is according to the Sages.

מתנדב אדם אשם תלוי. דכל עצמו של אשם תלוי נדבה הוא. דאי סלקא דעתך חובה הוא, כי מתידע ליה שחטא אמאי מייתי חטאת, אלא שמע מינה נדבה הוא:

חוץ מאחר יוה״כ. דשאר ימות השנה הוא דאיכא למיחש בספק שום חטא שמא עשה או לאו, אבל השתא ליכא למיחש, דהא כיפר יוה״כ:

וחכמים אומרים אין מביאין אשם תלוי. דהיינו טעמא דמייתי אשם תלוי מקמי דמתידע ליה, להגן עליו מן היסורים עד שיוודע לו, שהתורה חסה על גופו של ישראל, ואין אשם תלוי בא בנדבה. והלכה כחכמים: