Mishnayos Horayos Perek 3 Mishnah 4
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הוריות פרק ג׳ משנה ד׳
And who is the anointed priest? It is the High Priest who is anointed with the anointing oil, not the High Priest consecrated by donning multiple garments, i.e., one who served after the anointing oil had been sequestered, toward the end of the First Temple period. The difference between a High Priest anointed with the anointing oil and one consecrated by donning multiple garments unique to the High Priest is only that the latter does not bring the bull that comes for the transgression of any of the mitzvot. And the difference between a High Priest currently serving in that capacity and a former High Priest who had temporarily filled that position while the High Priest was unfit for service is only with regard to the bull brought by the High Priest on Yom Kippur and the tenth of an ephah meal-offering brought by the High Priest daily. Each of these offerings is brought only by the current High Priest, and not by a former High Priest. Both this High Priest currently serving and that former High Priest are equal with regard to performing the rest of the Yom Kippur service, and they are both commanded with regard to marrying a virgin (see Leviticus 21:13), and it is prohibited for both to marry a widow (see Leviticus 21:14), and they may not render themselves impure with impurity imparted by a corpse even in the event that one of their relatives dies (see Leviticus 21:11), and they may not grow their hair long and they may not rend their garments as expressions of mourning (see Leviticus 21:10), and when they die they restore the unwitting murderer to his home from the city of refuge (see Numbers 35:25).
וְאֵיזֶהוּ הַמָּשִׁיחַ, הַמָּשׁוּחַ בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה, לֹא הַמְרֻבֶּה בִבְגָדִים. אֵין בֵּין כֹּהֵן הַמָּשׁוּחַ בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה לִמְרֻבֶּה בְגָדִים אֶלָּא פַר הַבָּא עַל כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת. וְאֵין בֵּין כֹּהֵן מְשַׁמֵּשׁ לְכֹהֵן שֶׁעָבַר, אֶלָּא פַר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וַעֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה. זֶה וָזֶה שָׁוִין בַּעֲבוֹדַת יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וּמְצֻוִּין עַל הַבְּתוּלָה, וַאֲסוּרִין עַל הָאַלְמָנָה, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בִּקְרוֹבֵיהֶן, וְלֹא פוֹרְעִין, וְלֹא פוֹרְמִין, וּמַחֲזִירִין אֶת הָרוֹצֵחַ:
Bartenura
המרובה בבגדים. לאחר שנגנזה צלוחית של שמן המשחה היה כ״ג נכנמ לכהונה גדולה בלבישת שמונה בגדים, כדכתיב (שם כ״א) ומלא את ידו ללבוש את הבגדים:
אלא פר הבא על כל המצות. שאין מרובה בבגדים מביא פר על שגגתו, דכהן המשיח כתיב:
בעבודת יוה״כ. שאין עבודת אותו היום בשרה אלא בכ״ג בלבד, וכהן המשמש וכהן שעבר שוין בה:
ולא פורעין ולא פורמין. כדכתיב בכהן גדול (שם) את ראשו לא יפרע ובגדיו לא יפרום:
ומחזירין את הרוצח. אם מת אחד מהם, חוזר הרוצח מעיר מקלטו, כדכתיב (במדבר ל״ה:כ״ה) עד מות הכהן הגדול:
המרובה בגדים – for after the flask of anointing oil was hidden away the Kohen Gadol would enter the High Priesthood through the wearing of eight [sets of] clothing, as it is written (Leviticus 21:10): “…and who has been ordained to wear the vestments…”
אלא פר הבא על כל המצות – the [High Priest] who wears the many dedicated garments does not bring a bullock on his inadvertent sin, as it is written (Leviticus 4:3,5): “the anointed priest.
בעבודת יום הכפורים – for the Divine service of that day is not fit other than through the High Priest alone. But the presently serving Kohen and one who served in the past are equivalent concerning these things.
ולא פורעין ולא פרומין – as it is written concerning the High Priest (Leviticus 21:10): “[he] shall not bare his head or rend his vestments.”
ומחזירין את הרוצח – if one of these dies, the killer returns from his city of refuge, as it is written (Numbers 35:28): “[For he must remain inside his city of refuge] until the death of the high priest…”