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Mishnayos Eruchin Perek 8 Mishnah 1

ערכין פרק ח׳ משנה א׳

1

In the case of one who consecrates his ancestral field during a period when the Jubilee Year is not observed, and therefore the field is not redeemed according to a fixed rate of fifty shekels per beit kor but according to its value, when the treasurer announces the sale of the field he says to the owner: You open the bidding first; how much do you offer for its redemption? This method is advantageous for the Temple treasury, as the owner gives an additional payment of one-fifth of the value of the field, and every other person does not give an additional one-fifth payment. There was an incident involving one who consecrated his field due to its inferior quality. The treasurers said to him: You open the bidding first. He said: It is hereby mine for an issar, a small sum. Rabbi Yosei says: That person did not say he would purchase it for an issar; rather, he said he would purchase it for an egg, as consecrated items may be redeemed with money or with the equivalent value of money. The treasurer said to him: The field has come into your possession based on your bid. As a result, he loses an issar and his field remains before him in his possession.

הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ יוֹבֵל, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ פְּתַח אַתָּה רִאשׁוֹן, שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים חֹמֶשׁ, וְכָל אָדָם אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן חֹמֶשׁ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁהִקְדִּישׁ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ מִפְּנֵי רָעָתָהּ, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, פְּתַח אַתָּה רִאשׁוֹן. אָמַר, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְאִסָּר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא אָמַר זֶה אֶלָּא בְּכַבֵּיצָה, שֶׁהַהֶקְדֵּשׁ נִפְדֶּה בְכֶסֶף וּבְשָׁוֶה כָסֶף. אָמַר לוֹ, הִגִּיעָתְךָ, נִמְצָא מַפְסִיד אִסָּר, וְשָׂדֵהוּ לְפָנָיו:

א׳
Bartenura

המקדיש. בשעה שאינה יובל – at the time when the Jubilee [year] is not in force/being observed.

פתח אתה ראשון – with how much [money] do you want to redeem it. And because of ample provision/ gain [for redemption of the field when Jubilee is not in force] for something dedicated/sanctified to the Temple, they ask him first and the owners add an additional fifth. And for this reason, it (i.e., the Mishnah) took the language of: “when the Jubilee is not in force,” for at the time when the Jubilee is in force, there is no need to ask him for how much he will redeem it, for its monetary values are determined: a Bet Kor (i.e., an area requiring a Kor of seed) for fifty shekel. But at the time when the Jubilee is not in force, such as after the tribe(s) of Reuven and Gad were exiled, they eliminated the Jubilee years as it is written (Leviticus 25:10): “you shall proclaim release throughout the land for all of its inhabitants,” at a time when all of its inhabitants are upon it (i.e., the land), but not at a time when they were exiled from its midst, for then it is redeemed at its worth.

שהבעלים נותנים את החומש – all the monies of its worth and one-fourth more. And Similarly, every “added fifth” that is mentioned in the Torah, it would be the principal and its added fifth part. But because of three things, we state to the owners: “You open/declare first,” one of them is that the owners add the fifth, as is taught in our Mishnah. And the second is that the commandment of redemption is with the master, as it is written (Leviticus 27:27): “if it is not redeemed, [it shall be sold at its assessment],” so we see that the commandment of redemption precedes that of selling (see Tractate Arakhin 27a). And the third is that he adds and gives for its redemption more than other people, for a person desires his measure of capacity, one sixth of a Se’ah.

איסר – eight pennies.

לא אמר זה אלא כביצה – that is to say, this was not what actually happened, for he didn’t say, “for an Issar,” but rather, “with an egg.” And the treasurer said to him: “It’s yours; it is yours for an egg.” But there is a dispute of the first Tanna/teacher and Rabbi Yossi, as the Rabbis hold that we don’t redeem something dedicated [to the Temple] for less than four pennies, in order that the added fifth will [also] be a penny. But Rabbi Yossi holds, we redeem something dedicated [to the Temple] for anything, and even though its added fifth is not worth the equivalent of a penny. But the Halakha is according to the first Tanna/teacher.

המקדיש. בשעה שאינה יובל. בזמן שאין יובל נוהג:

פתח אתה ראשון. בכמה אתה רוצה לפדותה. ומפני ריוח של הקדש שואלים לו תחילה, שהבעלים מוסיפים חומש. ולהכי נקט בשעה שאין היובל נוהג, דבזמן שהיובל נוהג אין צריך לשואלו בכמה תפדנה, שהרי דמיה קצובים בית כור בחמשים שקל. ובזמן שאין יובל נוהג, כגון לאחר שגלו שבט ראובן וגד דבטלו יובלות דכתיב (שם) וקראתם דרור בארץ לכל יושביה, בזמן שכל יושביה עליה ולא בזמן שגלו מתוכה, שאז היא נפדית בשוויה:

שהבעלים נותנים את החומש. כל דמי שוייה ורביע יותר. וכן כל חומש האמור בתורה, שיהא הקרן וחומשו חמשה. ומפני שלשה דברים אומרים לבעלים פתח אתה ראשון, האחת שהבעלים מוסיפים את החומש, כדקתני במתניתין. והשני שמצות גאולה באדון, דכתיב (שם כ״ז) אם לא יגאל, אלמא מצות גאולה קודמת למכירה. והשלישי שהוא מוסיף ונותן בפדיונה יותר משאר בני אדם, דרוצה אדם בקב שלו:

מפני רעתה. שההוצאה שבה יתירה על השבח:

איסר. שמונה פרוטות:

לא אמר זה אלא בכביצה. כלומר לא כך היה מעשה, שלא אמר באיסר, אלא בביצה. ואמר לו הגזבר הגיעתך, הרי היא שלך בביצה. ופלוגתא דתנא קמא ורבי יוסי, דרבנן סברי אין פודין הקדש בפחות מארבע פרוטות, כדי שיהא בחומשו פרוטה. ורבי יוסי סבר, פודין הקדש בכל שהוא, ואע״פ שאין בחומשו שוה פרוטה. והלכה כתנא קמא: