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Mishnayos Demai Perek 6 Mishnah 6

דמאי פרק ו׳ משנה ו׳

6

Bet Shammai says: a man may sell his olives only to a “chaver (an ‘associate’).” But Bet Hillel says: [one may sell them] even to one who only] tithes. And the pious among Bet Hillel used to act in accordance with the words of Bet Shammai.

בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יִמְכֹּר אָדָם אֶת זֵיתָיו אֶלָּא לְחָבֵר. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף לִמְעַשֵּׂר. וּצְנוּעֵי בֵית הִלֵּל הָיוּ נוֹהֲגִין כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי:

ו׳
Bartenura

לא ימכור אדם זיתיו – olives hat became detached from the tree and were not susceptible to receive ritual impurity, as for example, they did not perspire/drip the dripping of the vat/pit where olives are packed until they form a viscid mass where it makes them susceptible to receive ritual impurity.

אלא לחבר – to separate that which is presumed/adhering to ritual purity and he will not sell them to someone who is not a member of the order for the observance of Levitical laws in daily intercourse/חבר and he will not tread/stamp upon them in ritual impurity.

אף למעשר – even to someone who did not accept upon himself other than to tithe but did not accept upon himself to be presumed/adhering to ritual purity can sell them, for since they yet are not susceptible it can stated that perhaps he ate them prior to their perspiring, for even though most of the olives are not ready to be consumed as such, by pretext, anything that we are able to hang on it, we hang upon it. But Maimonides establishes their dispute of that of the School of Shammai and the School of Hillel, for the School of Shammai holds that it is forbidden to cause ritual impurity to unconsecrated produce that is in the Land of Israel while the School of Hillel holds that it is permissible to cause ritual impurity to unconsecrated produce in the Land of Israel.

וצנועי בית הלל – the conscientiously pious ones who are exacting in observance of the commandments who were in the School of Hillel [and who followed the School of Shammai – who would not sell their olives to anyone other than someone who is a member of the order for the observance of Levitical laws in daily intercourse].

לא ימכור אדם זיתיו. זיתים שנתלשו מן האילן ולא הוכשרו לקבל טומאה, כגון שעדיין לא הזיעו זיעת המעטן שהיא מכשירתן לקבל טומאה:

אלא לחבר. לפרוש המוחזק לטהרות ולא ימכרם למי שאינו חבר שלא ידרוך אותם בטומאה:

אף למעשר. אף למי שלא קיבל עליו אלא לעשר אבל לא קבל עליו להיות מוחזק לטהרות יכול למוכרם, דכיון דאכתי לא הוכשרו אימור שמא יאכלם קודם שיזיעו. ואע״ג דרוב זיתים אין עומדין לאכלן כך, בעלילה כל דהו דמצינן לתלות תלינן. ורמב״ם מוקי פלוגתייהו דבית שמאי ובית הלל דב״ש סברי אסור לגרום טומאה לחולין שבא״י וב״ה סברי מותר לגרום טומאה לחולין שבא״י:

וצנועי בית הלל. ותיקין המדקדקים במצות שהיו בב״ה: