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Mishnayos Demai Perek 4 Mishnah 1

דמאי פרק ד׳ משנה א׳

1

One who buys produce from someone who is not trustworthy in respect of tithes, and he forgot to tithe it, and he asked [the seller] on Shabbat [if they were tithed], he may eat based on his word. At nightfall of Shabbat, he may not eat of it unless he had first tithed it. If he could not find the seller, and another person who was not trustworthy in respect of tithes said to him “they are tithed,” he may eat of it at his word. At nightfall of Shabbat, he may not eat of it unless he had first tithed it. Terumat maaser of demai which had become mixed up again [with the produce] from which it had been taken: Rabbi Shimon Shezuri says: even on a week day he may ask the seller and eat based on his word.

הַלּוֹקֵחַ פֵּרוֹת מִמִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְשָׁכַח לְעַשְּׂרָן, וְשׁוֹאֲלוֹ בְשַׁבָּת, יֹאכַל עַל פִּיו. חָשְׁכָה מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. לֹא מְצָאוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ אֶחָד שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, מְעֻשָּׂרִין הֵן, אוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו. חָשְׁכָה מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי שֶׁחָזְרָה לִמְקוֹמָהּ, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּחֹל שׁוֹאֲלוֹ וְאוֹכְלוֹ עַל פִּיו:

א׳
Bartenura

הלוקח פירות. בשבת יאכל על פיו – for the fear of the Sabbath is upon him, for they fear to violate the Sabbath and to lie on the Sabbath more than on the weekdays.

תרומת מעשר של דמאי – And for this, [the Mishnah] took [the language] the “tenth of the tenth” (i.e., what the Levite must give to the Kohen after receiving his share of the “tenth”- after the original first two percent had been given to a Kohen by an Israelite), for the ignoramuses were suspected of this (i.e., of not fulfilling this Mitzvah) for they hold that [by not fulfilling it] it [is not punishable] by the death-penalty all the while that the First Tithe is not separated, but the Great Terumah/priest’s due (i.e., the initial two-percent that went to the Kohen), they are not suspected of [not fulfilling] it. But the “tenth-of-the-tenth” where one out of one-hundredth [of the portion which] is [questionably tithed] returned to its place (i.e., original pile), with less than one-hundred portions [fully tithed] all of it is “suspect.”

שואלו ואוכל על פיו – For after it is called by name “Terumah”/priest’s due, the fear of “suspicion” of the ignoramus who is seen to lie. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon Shezuri.

הלוקח פירות. בשבת יאכל על פיו. דאימת שבת עליו, שמתיראים לעבור עבירה ולשקר בשבת יותר מבחול:

תרומת מעשר של דמאי. להכי נקט תרומת מעשר, דעמי הארץ נחשדו עליה דסברי אינה במיתה כל זמן שלא הופרש מעשר ראשון, אבל תרומה גדולה לא נחשדו עליה. ותרומת מעשר הויא אחד ממאה וכשחזרה למקומה לפחות ממאה חזרה ומדמעת:

שואלו ואוכל על פיו. דמאחר שנקרא לה שם תרומה אימת דמוע על עם הארץ וירא לשקר. והלכה כר׳ שמעון שזורי: