Mishnayos Challah Perek 1 Mishnah 1

חמשה דברים חייבים בחלה – We draw a conclusion by analogy of [the word] חלה from [the word] "פסח"/Passover. It is stated concerning “Passover” the commandment of the bread of affliction (Deuteronomy 16:3): “[You shall not eat anything leavened with it;] for seven days thereafter, you shall eat unleavened bread, bread of distress – [for you departed from the land of Egypt hastily – so that you may remember the day of your departure from the land of Egypt as long as you live].” And it is stated [the word] "לחם" /”bread,” with regard to Hallah (Numbers 15:19): “And you eat of the bread of the land…” Just as “bread” that is stated on Passover, a matter that comes to be leavened/soured, so too “bread” that is mentioned with Hallah- something that comes to be leavened/soured and you have nothing that comes to be leavened/soured other than only these five species.

ומצטרפין זה עם זה – to complete the definite quantity of started dough required [to separate] Hallah, bit they all do not combine together, for a species with something that is not of the same species does combine together, as is taught in the Mishnah further ahead at the beginning of Chapter Four (Mishnah 2), but rather wheat combines with spelt alone because they are its species (see Talmud Pesahim 35a). And barley combines with everything except for wheat, and even though spelt is a species of wheat, it is not specifically a species of wheat, but it is a species of barley and even a kind of wheat that combines with wheat and barley. But the Jerusalem Talmud implies that if they (i.e., the five species) were kneaded together, they would combine even for a species with something that is not of the same species. But if they were not kneaded together but rather that afterwards, the doughs came in contact with/touched each other, one species with something of its own kind combine; but with something of a different species, they do not combine [to make definite quantity of started dough required to separate Hallah].

ואסורים בחדש – As it is written (Leviticus 23:14): “[Until that very day, until you have brought the offering of your God,] you shall eat no bread or parched grain or fresh ears (i.e., of the new crop);…” and we draw a conclusion by analogy of the words "לחם", "לחם" /”bread,” “bread” from Passover.

מלקצור מלפני הפסח – since it is forbidden to reap from one of the five species prior to the reaping of the Omer, as it is written with [regard to] the Omer (Leviticus 23:10): “…[you shall bring] the first sheaf of your harvest [to the priest],” that it will be the first of all that is reaped. And you bring [the analogy] of: ראשית, ראשית" / “first,” “first” from Hallah. It is written there (Numbers 15:20): “as the first yield of your baking, [you shall set aside a loaf as a gift]…” and it is written here (Leviticus 23:10): “[you shall bring] the first sheaf of your harvest [to the priest].” Just as there it must be from the five species, so too here from the five species.

ואם השרישו – one from these five species, prior o he reaping of the Omer.

העומר מתירן – and you are permitted to reap after the reaping of he Omer, as it is written (Exodus 23:16): “[And the Feast of the Harvest, of the first fruits of your work,] of what you sew in the field;…],” from the time that it is sewn and takes root in the field.

ואם לאו – if they did not take root other than after the reaping of the Omer.

אסורים עד שיבא עומר הבא – of the next year.