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Mishnayos Bechoros Perek 3 Mishnah 4

בכורות פרק ג׳ משנה ד׳

4

With regard to the hair of a blemished firstborn animal that shed from the animal, and which one placed in a compartment for safekeeping, and thereafter he slaughtered the animal; given that after the animal dies he is permitted to derive benefit from the hair the animal had on its body when it died, what is the halakhic status of hair that shed from the animal while it was alive? Akavya ben Mahalalel deems its use permitted, and the Rabbis deem its use prohibited; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Yosei said to him: It was not with regard to that case that Akavya ben Mahalalel deemed use of the wool permitted. Rather, it was in the case of the hair of a blemished firstborn animal that shed from the animal which one placed in a compartment and thereafter the animal died. It was in that case that Akavya ben Mahalalel deems use of the wool permitted, and the Rabbis deem its use prohibited even after its death. With regard to wool that is dangling from a firstborn animal, i.e., which was not completely shed, that which appears to be part of the fleece is permitted when the animal is shorn after its death, and that which does not appear to be part of the fleece is prohibited.

שְׂעַר בְּכוֹר בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁנָּשַׁר וְהִנִּיחוֹ בַחַלּוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ שְׁחָטוֹ, עֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהֲלַלְאֵל מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא בָזֶה הִתִּיר עֲקַבְיָא, אֶלָּא בִשְׂעַר בְּכוֹר בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁנָּשַׁר וְהִנִּיחוֹ בַּחַלּוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת, בָּזֶה עֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהֲלַלְאֵל מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. הַצֶּמֶר הַמְדֻבְלָל בַּבְּכוֹר, אֶת שֶׁהוּא נִרְאֶה מִן הַגִּזָּה, מֻתָּר. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה מִן הַגִּזָּה, אָסוּר:

ד׳
Bartenura

עקביה בן מהללאל מתיר [Rabbi Akavya ben Mehallalel permits] the wool for the Kohen to derive benefit from it.

וחכמים אוסרים – for if he permitted him the wool that drops off/falls out while living, he will come to wait for a firstling in order that his wool will drop off/fall out every hour, and it will come to be a snare/stumbling block that he will shear it and work on it, and those consecrated animals that are disqualified are forbidden for shearing and for work, as it is written )Deuteronomy 12:15): “[But whenever you desire,] you may slaughter and eat meat [in any of your settlements according to the blessing that the LORD your God has granted you],” you may slaughter but not shearing.

לא בזה התיר עקביה – meaning to say, not in this [case- of the hair of a blemished firstling which fell out, and which one put in a wall niche/window, and which -firstling – one slaughtered afterwards] did [Rabbi] Akavyah [ben Mehallalel] permit and the Sages prohibited, for everyone agrees that when he slaughters it, it is permitted, slaughtering provides the benefit of the wool that is attached to it to permit it after ritual slaughtering, he also benefits from that which is plucked/detached and placed in a wall niche/window. But they did not disagree other than regarding a dead animal, for that wool that is attached to it requires burial, [Rabbi] Akavya [ben Mehallalel] permits the wool that fell out from it while it was living but the Sages prohibit it as a decree lest he will delay in order to derive benefit from the wool that falls out from it every hour, and one would come to perform acts of shearing and work. But the legal decision is even after the ritual slaughter, the wool that fell out from it while living is forbidden.

צמר המדובלל (wool which dangles/clumps in the wool) – that was not detached entirely but is attached with the wool and it doesn’t fall.

את שנראה עם הגיזה – when they slaughter it and shear it after the ritual slaughter, that the wool that clumps/dangles is mixed with the rest of the shearing and does not appear as separated from it, it is permitted like the rest of the shearing.

ושאינו נראה עם הגיזה – that it went outside too much and is recognized that it is [separated] from the shearing.

אסור – it is like it fell off/dropped completely prior to the ritual slaughter. And the anonymous teaching is according to the Rabbis who dispute that of [Rabbi] Akavya [ben Mehallalel], and the Halakha is according to them.

עקביא בן מהללאל מתיר. הצמר בהנאה לכהן:

וחכמים אוסרים. דאי שריית ליה צמר הנושרת מחיים אתי לאשהויי לבכור כדי שתשיר צמרו כל שעה, ואתי בה לידי תקלה שיגזוז ויעבוד בו, ופסולי המוקדשין אסירי בגיזה ועבודה דכתיב תזבח ואכלת בשר, תזבח ולא גיזה:

לא בזה התיר עקביא. כלומר לא בזה עקביא מתיר וחכמים אוסרים, דבשחטו דברי הכל שרי, דמגו דמהניא שחיטה לצמר המחובר בו להתירו לאחר שחיטה מהניא נמי לתלוש ומונח בחלון. ולא נחלקו אלא במת, דאותו צמר המחובר בו טעון קבורה, עקביא מתיר לצמר שנשר ממנו כשהוא בחיים, וחכמים אוסרים, גזירה שמא ישהנו כדי ליהנות בצמר שנושר ממנו כל שעה ואתי למיעבד ביה גיזה ועבודה. ופסק ההלכה, דאפילו לאחר שחיטה צמר שנשר ממנו בחיים אסור:

צמר המדובלל. שלא נתלש לגמרי אבל מחובר הוא עם הצמר ואינו נופל:

את שנראה עם הגיזה. כשישחטנו וגוזזו לאחר שחיטה, ויהא הצמר המדובלל נבלל עם שאר הגיזה ואינו נראה כמופרש ממנה, מותר כשאר הגיזה:

ושאינו נראה עם הגיזה. שיצא חוץ יותר מדאי וניכר לכל (שמדובלל) [שמובדל] מן הגיזה:

אסור. כמי שנשר לגמרי קודם שחיטה. וסתמא כרבנן דפליגי עליה דעקביא דהלכתא כותייהו: