Let's finish Mishnayos in memory of those who were murdered in Israel.
Pledge Mishnayos
Mishnah.org Logo

Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 7 Mishnah 1

בבא מציעא פרק ז׳ משנה א׳

1

With regard to one who hires laborers and tells them to rise exceptionally early and to continue working until exceptionally late, if this is in a locale where laborers are not accustomed to rising so early or to continuing to work until so late, the employer is not permitted to compel them to do so. In a locale where employers are accustomed to feeding their laborers, the employer must feed them. If they are in a locale where an employer is accustomed to providing their laborers with sweet foods, he must provide such food. Everything is in accordance with the regional custom in these matters. There was an incident involving Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Matya, who said to his son: Go out and hire laborers for us. His son went, hired them, and pledged to provide sustenance for them as a term of their employment, without specifying the details. And when he came back to his father and reported what he had done, Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Matya said to him: My son, even if you were to prepare a feast for them like that of King Solomon in his time, you would not have fulfilled your obligation to them, as they are the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Rather, before they begin engaging in their labor, go out and say to them: The stipulation that food will be provided is on the condition that you have the right to claim from me only a meal of bread and legumes, which is the typical meal given to laborers. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Matya’s son did not need to state this condition, as the principle is that everything is in accordance with the regional custom.

הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֲלִים וְאָמַר לָהֶם לְהַשְׁכִּים וּלְהַעֲרִיב, מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לְהַשְׁכִּים וְשֶׁלֹּא לְהַעֲרִיב, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְכוֹפָן. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לָזוּן, יָזוּן. לְסַפֵּק בִּמְתִיקָה, יְסַפֵּק. הַכֹּל כְּמִנְהַג הַמְּדִינָה. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן מַתְיָא שֶׁאָמַר לִבְנוֹ, צֵא שְׂכֹר לָנוּ פוֹעֲלִים. הָלַךְ וּפָסַק לָהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת. וּכְשֶׁבָּא אֵצֶל אָבִיו, אָמַר לוֹ, בְּנִי, אֲפִלּוּ אִם אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה לָהֶם כִּסְעֻדַּת שְׁלֹמֹה בִשְׁעָתוֹ, לֹא יָצָאתָ יְדֵי חוֹבָתְךָ עִמָּהֶן, שֶׁהֵן בְּנֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב. אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַתְחִילוּ בַמְּלָאכָה צֵא וֶאֱמֹר לָהֶם, עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין לָכֶם עָלַי אֶלָּא פַת וְקִטְנִית בִּלְבַד. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר, הַכֹּל כְּמִנְהַג הַמְּדִינָה:

א׳
Bartenura

השוכר את הפועלים. אינו ראשי לכופן – and even though he increase their wages from other works, he can say to them: “this that I have increased your wages, with the knowledge that you will rise up earlier [to work] and stay later for me, for they can say to him: “this that you have increased for us [our wages] is with the knowledge that we provide for you outstanding/better labor.” (see Bava Metzia 83a).

במתיקה – for their bread

הכל כמנהג המדינה – everything which includes the places where workers customarily eat and drink in the morning in the house of the owner before they go out to work. For if the owner had said to them – go early to your work in the field and I will bring to you your food there, they would say to him, “no,” but rather now let is eat in the house prior to our going out to the field, according to the custom of the province.

מעשה ברבי יוחנן בן מתיא – In the Gemara (Bava Metzia 86a-b): The Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows: If he stipulated to provide them food, he thereby increases his hood to them, that is to say, since it was not necessary to teach this since it was the custom of the province that they would eat, and it was taught explicitly to give them food, more food was mentioned. And there is the story of Rabbi Yohanan etc [as specified in the Mishnah proper].

בשעתו – at the time of his kingdom, when he was a king and a commoner.

שהם בני אברהם יצחק ויעקב – and the meal of Abraham was larger than that of Solomon, for Abraham had three cows for three people (the “people” were the angels, described in the story of Genesis, chapter 18, when Abraham rose up while recovering from his circumcision to welcome his “guests.”). And at the meal of Solomon, Judah and Israel were large like the sands that were on the sea shorte.

עד שלא יתחילו במלאכה – there is nothing here other than words, for once they had begun, they cannot return.

רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר וכו' – And the Halakha is according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.

השוכר את הפועלים. אינו רשאי לכופן. ואע״ג דטפא להו אאגרייהו משאר פועלים, לא מצי אמר להו האי דטפאי לכו אאגרייכו אדעתא דמקדמיתו ומחשכיתו בהדאי, דאמרי ליה האי דטפאת לן אדעתא דעבדינן לך עובדתא שפירתא:

במתיקה. לפתן:

הכל כמנהג המדינה. הכל לאתויי דוכתי דנהיגי פועלים למיכל ולמשתי בצפרא בביתו של בעל הבית קודם שיצאו למלאכתם, דאי אמר להו בעל הבית קדימו לעבידתייכו בשדה ואביא לכם מאכלכם שם, אמרי ליה לא, אלא עתה נאכל בבית קודם שנצא השדה כמנהג המדינה:

מעשה ברבי יוחנן בן מתיא. בגמרא מפרש דחסורי מחסרא והכי קתני, ואם פסק להם מזונות, מזונות ריבה להם, כלומר, כיון דלא הוה צריך לאתנויי שהרי ממנהג המדינה היו אוכלים, ואתני בהדייהו ליתן להם מזונות, מזוני יתירי קאמר, ומעשה נמי ברבי יוחנן וכו׳:

בשעתו. בעת מלכותו. דמלך והדיוט הוה:

שהם בני אברהם יצחק ויעקב. וסעודתו של אברהם גדולה משל שלמה, דאילו אברהם שלשה פרים לשלשה אנשים, ובסעודת שלמה יהודה וישראל רבים כחול אשר על שפת הים:

עד שלא יתחילו במלאכה. דאין כאן אלא דברים. דאילו משיתחילו לא תוכל לחזור:

רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר וכו׳ והלכה כרבן שמעון בן גמליאל: