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Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 10 Mishnah 4

בבא מציעא פרק י׳ משנה ד׳

4

And likewise, in the case of an olive press that is built inside a cave in a rock, and one garden, belonging to another person, was planted on top of it, and the roof of the olive press broke, which caused the garden to collapse inward, in such a case, the owner of the garden may descend and sow below until the other one constructs for his olive press sturdy arches to support the roof, so that the owner of the garden can once again sow above him. The mishna continues: In the case of a wall or a tree that fell into the public domain and caused damage, the owner is exempt from having to pay, as it was an accident. If the court saw that the wall was shaky, or that the tree was tilting, and they gave him time to cut down the tree or to dismantle the wall, and then they fell down, if this occurred during the allotted time, he is exempt, but if they collapsed after the time given to him had elapsed, he is liable to pay, since he was warned against this very occurrence.

וְכֵן בֵּית הַבַּד שֶׁהוּא בָנוּי בְּסֶלַע, וְגִנָּה אַחַת עַל גַּבָּיו, וְנִפְחַת, הֲרֵי בַעַל הַגִּנָּה יוֹרֵד וְזוֹרֵעַ לְמַטָּה עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה לְבֵית בַּדּוֹ כִּפִּין. הַכֹּתֶל וְהָאִילָן שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְהִזִּיקוּ, פָּטוּר מִלְּשַׁלֵּם. נָתְנוּ לוֹ זְמַן לָקֹץ אֶת הָאִילָן וְלִסְתֹּר אֶת הַכֹּתֶל, וְנָפְלוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַזְּמָן, פָּטוּר, לְאַחַר הַזְּמָן, חַיָּב:

ד׳
Bartenura

בית הבד – a house to gather olives.

וגנה אחת על גביו – and the olive press belongs to one [of them] and the garden is of the other.

ונפחת – (see Bava Metzia 118a) four handbreadths by four handbreadths and it is not worthy to sow as at first.

כיפין – a ceiling made in a circle like a rainbow and upon it, the owner of the garden places dust/mud and plants.

פטור מלשלם – for what was he to do, as it was an unavoidable accident.

נתנו לו זמן – A Jewish court; thirty days to tear it down and cut it {i.e., the tree) down.

בית הבד. בית לעצור זיתים:

וגנה אחת על גביו. ובית הבד של אחד וגינה של אחר:

ונפחת. בארבעה טפחים על ארבעה טפחים ואינו ראוי לזרוע כבתחילה:

כיפין. תקרה עשויה בעגול במין קשת ועליה יתן בעל הגנה עפר ויזרע:

פטור מלשלם. דמאי הוה ליה למיעבד, אנוס הוא:

נתנו לו זמן. בית דין, שלשים יום לסתור ולקוץ: