Mishnayos Bava Basra Perek 3 Mishnah 2
Change text layout:
בבא בתרא פרק ג׳ משנה ב׳
There are three independent lands in Eretz Yisrael with regard to establishing presumptive ownership: Judea, and Transjordan, and the Galilee. If the prior owner of the field was in Judea and another took possession of his field in the Galilee, or if he was in the Galilee and another took possession of his field in Judea, the possessor does not establish presumptive ownership until the one possessing the field will be with the prior owner in one province. Rabbi Yehuda says: The Sages said that establishing presumptive ownership requires three years only in order that if the owner will be in Spain [Aspamya], and another possesses his field for a year, people will go and inform the owner by the end of the next year, and the owner will come back in the following year and take the possessor to court.
שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת לַחֲזָקָה, יְהוּדָה וְעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְהַגָּלִיל. הָיָה בִיהוּדָה וְהֶחֱזִיק בַּגָּלִיל, בַּגָּלִיל וְהֶחֱזִיק בִּיהוּדָה, אֵינָהּ חֲזָקָה, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא עִמּוֹ בַמְּדִינָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, לֹא אָמְרוּ שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים אֶלָּא כְדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא בְאַסְפַּמְיָא, וְיַחֲזִיק שָׁנָה, וְיֵלְכוּ וְיוֹדִיעוּהוּ שָׁנָה, וְיָבֹא לְשָׁנָה אַחֶרֶת:
Bartenura
שלש ארצות לחזקה. שלש ארצות בארץ ישראל חלוקות זו מזו לענין חזקה, שאם החזיק באחד מאלו הארצות והיה בעל הקרקע באחרת אין חזקתו חזקה, לפי שאין שיירות מצויות מזו לזו. ואף על פי שאינן שעת חירום ומלחמה, כשעת חירום דמי, ואם היה בעל הקרקע מוחה לא היה מי שיודיע לזה המחזיק, לפיכך היה ראוי לזה המחזיק ליזהר בשטרו, וכיון שלא נזהר הפסיד:
עד שיהא עמו במדינה. שיהיו שניהם ביהודה או שניהם בעבר הירדן, ואף על פי שזה בעיר אחת וזה בעיר אחרת דכיון דשיירות מצויות היה לו למחות, וכיון דלא מיחה הפסיד:
אמר רבי יהודה וכו׳ קסבר רבי יהודה טעמא דחזקה לאו משום דעד תלת שנין מזדהר אינש בשטריה, טפי לא מזדהר, אלא טעמא דחזקה לדידיה, משום דלא שביק איניש דאכלי ארעא דידיה אפילו שעה אחת ושתיק, והאי דהרחיקו תלת שנין כדי שאם היה באספמיא וכו׳, אבל אם היה עמו בעיר, לאלתר הוי חזקה. ובשלש ארצות הללו שאין שיירות מצויות, בתלת שנין מיהא הוי חזקה. ואין הלכה כרבי יהודה:
שלש ארצות לחזקה – three [distinctive] lands in the Land of Israel are divided each from the other concerning the matter of presumption of claim of ownership. For if he had taken possession in one of these [distinctive] lands, and the owner of the land is in the other, his presumption of ownership is not a presumption, because the caravans are not ae not found from one to the other, and even though it is not an emergency or [time of] war, it is similar to an emergency. But if the owner of the land would renounce, there would not be someone to inform the other who has taken possession. Therefore, it was appropriate to the one taking possession to be careful with his document, and since he was not careful, he would lose.
עד שיהא עמו במדינה – that both of them would be in Judea, or both of them beyond the Jordan River and even though this one was in one city and that one was in another city, because there were caravans found, he could protest, and since he did not protest, he lost out.
אמר ר' יהודה וכו' – for Rabbi Yehuda holds that the reason for presumption of ownership is not because until three years because people are careful with their documents, [but] more [than this], they are not careful, but the reason for his presumption of ownership is because people will not leave [someone, a usurper] consuming his own land even for one hour and remain silent. But this one that distanced himself for three years in order that if he was in Spain, etc. But if he was with him in the city, immediately, there would be presumption of ownership and in these three [distinct] lands [of the Land of Israel] where caravans are not found, during the three years, however, he would have presumption of ownership. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.