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Mishnayos Avos Perek 5 Mishnah 12

אבות פרק ה׳ משנה י"ב

12

There are four types of disciples: Quick to comprehend, and quick to forget: his gain disappears in his loss; Slow to comprehend, and slow to forget: his loss disappears in his gain; Quick to comprehend, and slow to forget: he is a wise man; Slow to comprehend, and quick to forget, this is an evil portion.

אַרְבַּע מִדּוֹת בַּתַּלְמִידִים. מַהֵר לִשְׁמֹעַ וּמַהֵר לְאַבֵּד, יָצָא שְׂכָרוֹ בְהֶפְסֵדוֹ. קָשֶׁה לִשְׁמֹעַ וְקָשֶׁה לְאַבֵּד, יָצָא הֶפְסֵדוֹ בִשְׂכָרוֹ. מַהֵר לִשְׁמֹעַ וְקָשֶׁה לְאַבֵּד, חָכָם. קָשֶׁה לִשְׁמֹעַ וּמַהֵר לְאַבֵּד, זֶה חֵלֶק רָע:

י"ב
Bartenura

Quick to understand and quick to forget -- his gain is canceled by his loss: As since he forgets what he learns, what benefit is there in that which he is quick to understand? It comes out that his loss is greater than his gain.

[A student who is] slow to understand and slow to forget -- his loss is canceled by his gain: As the good trait in him exceeds the negative trait; since that which he understands after the difficulty, he remembers and does not forget. And what comes out from it (the practical difference) is that if we have two students in front of us and we only have enough sustenance to [support] one of them, we prioritize the one that is slow to forget.

that is a bad portion: It would not be relevant to learn here, "pious" or "evil," as this is not something that is dependent upon the choice of a person, but rather is a disadvantage that was in him from the beginning of his creation.

מַהֵר לִשְׁמֹעַ וּמַהֵר לְאַבֵּד יָצָא שְׂכָרוֹ בְהֶפְסֵדוֹ. דְּמֵאַחַר שֶׁשּׁוֹכֵחַ מַה שֶּׁלּוֹמֵד מַה הֲנָאָה יֵשׁ בְּמַה שֶּׁהוּא מַהֵר לִשְׁמֹעַ, נִמְצָא הֶפְסֵדוֹ גָּדוֹל מִשְּׂכָרוֹ:

קָשֶׁה לִשְׁמֹעַ וְקָשֶׁה לְאַבֵּד יָצָא הֶפְסֵדוֹ בִשְׁכָרוֹ. שֶׁמִּדָּה טוֹבָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ יְתֵרָה עַל הַמִּדָּה הַנִּפְסֶדֶת, הוֹאִיל וּמַה שֶּׁשָּׁמַע אַחַר הַקֹּשִׁי הוּא זוֹכֵר וְאֵינוֹ שׁוֹכֵחַ. וְנָפְקָא מִנַּהּ, שֶׁאִם יֵשׁ לְפָנֵינוּ שְׁנֵי תַּלְמִידִים וְאֵין לָנוּ לְסַפֵּק מָזוֹן אֶלָּא לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם, נַקְדִּים הַקָּשֶׁה לְאַבֵּד עַל הַמַּהֵר לִשְׁמֹעַ:

זֶה חֵלֶק רָע. לֹא הֲוָה שַׁיָּךְ לְמִתְנֵי הָכָא חָסִיד אוֹ רָשָׁע, שֶׁאֵין זֶה דָּבָר הַתָּלוּי בִּבְחִירָתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, אֶלָּא חִסָּרוֹן שֶׁהָיָה בּוֹ מֵעִקַּר בְּרִיָּתוֹ:

Rashi

יצא שכרו במהירות שמיעתו בהפסדו שמאבד מהר כלומר לא עלה בידו כלום:

יצא הפסדו ממה ששמע בקושי בשכרו ונמצא שמועילה מדה זו במקצת: