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המשנה היומית של היום

נדה ה׳:ו׳ - ה׳:ז׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Wednesday, June 9, 2027 is נדה ה׳:ו׳ - ה׳:ז׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Niddah Perek 5 Mishnah 6

נדה פרק ה׳ משנה ו׳

6
With regard to a girl who is eleven years and one day old, her vows are examined to ascertain whether she is aware of the meaning of her vow and in Whose name she vowed. Once she is twelve years and one day old and has grown two pubic hairs, which is a sign of adulthood, even without examination her vows are in effect. And one examines her vows throughout the entire twelfth year until her twelfth birthday. With regard to a boy who is twelve years and one day old, his vows are examined to ascertain whether he is aware of the meaning of his vow and in Whose name he vowed. Once he is thirteen years and one day old and has grown two pubic hairs, even without examination his vows are in effect. And one examines his vows throughout the entire thirteenth year until his thirteenth birthday. Prior to that time, eleven years and one day for a girl and twelve years and one day for a boy, even if they said: We know in Whose name we vowed and in Whose name we consecrated, their vow is not a valid vow and their consecration is not a valid consecration. After that time, twelve years and one day for a girl and thirteen years and one day for a boy, even if they said: We do not know in Whose name we vowed and in Whose name we consecrated, their vow is a valid vow and their consecration is a valid consecration.
בַּת אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד, נְדָרֶיהָ נִבְדָּקִין. בַּת שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד, נְדָרֶיהָ קַיָּמִין. וּבוֹדְקִין כָּל שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה. בֶּן שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד, נְדָרָיו נִבְדָּקִים. בֶּן שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד, נְדָרָיו קַיָּמִין. וּבוֹדְקִין כָּל שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה. קֹדֶם לַזְּמַן הַזֶּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ יוֹדְעִין אָנוּ לְשֵׁם מִי נָדָרְנוּ, לְשֵׁם מִי הִקְדָּשְׁנוּ, אֵין נִדְרֵיהֶם נֶדֶר וְאֵין הֶקְדֵּשָׁן הֶקְדֵּשׁ. לְאַחַר הַזְּמַן הַזֶּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ אֵין אָנוּ יוֹדְעִין לְשֶׁם מִי נָדָרְנוּ, לְשֶׁם מִי הִקְדָּשְׁנוּ, נִדְרָן נֶדֶר וְהֶקְדֵּשָׁן הֶקְדֵּשׁ:
ו׳
ברטנורא

נדריה נבדקין (her vows are examined) – if she knew in the name of whom she took a vow and in the name of whom she dedicated [something to the Temple], her vow is a [legitimate] vow.

נדריה קיימין – as long as she brought forth two [pubic] hairs. And similarly, a male who is thirteen years and one day old, his vows are confirmed, especially if he brought forth two [pubic] hairs.

ובודקין כל שתים עשרה – that you might have though since that as the Master stated, thirty-days in a year is considered a [full] year, where she was that she was examined thirty days prior to [her becoming] twelve [years of age and one day], and she didn’t know how to explain in the name of whom she had vowed, further we don’t examine [her] and she has the presumption of being a minor, this comes to teach us that this is not the case.

קודם לזמן הזה – prior to the beginning of the twelfth year of a female child and [prior to the beginning of the] thirteenth [year] of a male child.

אין נדריהם נדר – for they are minors.

נדריה נבדקים. אם ידעה לשם מי נדרה, לשם מי הקדישה, נדרה נדר:

נדריה קיימין. והוא שהביאה שתי שערות. וכן בן שלש עשרה שנה ויום אחד נדריו קיימים, דוקא כשהביא שתי שערות:

ובודקין כל שתים עשרה. מהו דתימא הואיל ואמר מר שלשים יום בשנה חשובים שנה, היכא דבדקנוה שלשים יום קמאי דשתים עשרה ולא ידעה לפרש לשם מי נדרה, תו לא נבדוק, ולחזקה כקטנה, קמשמע לן:

קודם לזמן הזה. קודם ראש השנה של שתים עשרה לתינוקת ושל שלש עשרה לתינוק:

אין נדריהן נדר. דקטנים הן:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Niddah Perek 5 Mishnah 7

נדה פרק ה׳ משנה ז׳

7
The Sages stated a parable based on the development of the fruit of a fig tree with regard to the three stages of development in a woman: Minority, young womanhood, and grown womanhood. An unripe fig, a ripening fig, and a ripe fig. An unripe fig represents the stage when she is still a child and has not yet developed the signs of puberty; a ripening fig represents the days of her young womanhood, when she reaches twelve years and one day and has developed two pubic hairs. With regard to the periods both during this stage, minority, and during that stage, young womanhood, the Sages said that her father is entitled to any lost object that she finds that cannot be returned to its owner, and to her earnings, and to nullification of her vows. A ripe fig represents the stage of grown womanhood: Once she has reached her majority, her father no longer has authority over her. He can no longer nullify her vows, and he does not have a claim to lost objects found by her and her earnings belong to her.
מָשָׁל מָשְׁלוּ חֲכָמִים בָּאִשָּׁה. פַּגָּה, בֹּחַל וְצֶמֶל. פַּגָּה, עוֹדָהּ תִּינוֹקֶת. בֹּחַל, אֵלּוּ יְמֵי נְעוּרֶיהָ. בָּזוֹ וּבָזוֹ, אָבִיהָ זַכַּאי בִּמְצִיאָתָהּ וּבְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ וּבַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. צֶמֶל, כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּגְרָה, שׁוּב אֵין לְאָבִיהָ רְשׁוּת בָּהּ:
ז׳
ברטנורא

פגה – סמדר/in the budding stage, like (Song of Songs 2:13): “The green figs form on the fig tree/התאנה חנטה פגיה, [The vines in blossom/סמדר give off fragrance] Such is the young female child that lacks a sign, neither in the breasts nor in the hair.

בוחל – the fruit that is close to ripening. And it is the language of the Sages. The figs are subject to tithes when they are in that state of ripening called בוחל (see Tractate Maaserot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 2 and Tractate Niddah 47a – which is defined as when their heads grow white). Such is the case when she (i.e., the woman) has the sign of breasts slightly = when it is known that she has brought forth two [pubic] hairs, and she is a young woman/נערה.

צמל – it is the language of an abbreviation/acrostic, that she has fully blossomed/come forth completely. That she has a clear sign in her breasts that she is an adult woman.

בזו ובזו – even when she is a young woman, her father is in possession of everything, as it is written (Numbers 30:4): “while still in her father’s household by reason of her youth.”

פגה. סמדר. כמו התאנה חנטה פגיה (שיר ב׳). כך התינוקת שאין לה סימן לא בדדין ולא בשערות:

בוחל. הפרי הקרוב להתבשל. ולשון חכמים הוא, התאנים משיבחילו חייבים במעשר. כך כשיש לה סימן דדין קצת, בידוע שהביאה שתי שערות ונערה היא:

צמל. לשון נוטריקון יצתה מלאה. שיש לה סימן מובהק בדדיה והיא בוגרת:

בזו ובזו. אפילו כשהיא נערה, אביה זכאי בכל. דכתיב (במדבר ל׳) בנעוריה בית אביה, כל שבח נעוריה לאביה:

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