Mishnah.org Logo

המשנה היומית של היום

נדה ה׳:ד׳ - ה׳:ה׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, June 8, 2027 is נדה ה׳:ד׳ - ה׳:ה׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Niddah Perek 5 Mishnah 4

נדה פרק ה׳ משנה ד׳

4
A girl who is three years and one day old, whose father arranged her betrothal, is betrothed through intercourse, as the halakhic status of intercourse with her is that of intercourse in all halakhic senses. And in a case where the childless husband of a girl three years and one day old dies, if his brother the yavam engages in intercourse with her, he acquires her as his wife; and if she is married, a man other than her husband is liable for engaging in intercourse with her due to violation of the prohibition against intercourse with a married woman. And if she is impure due to menstruation, she imparts impurity to one who engages in intercourse with her who then renders impure all the layers of bedding beneath him, rendering them impure like the upper bedding covering a zav, in the sense that it assumes first-degree ritual impurity and does not become a primary source of ritual impurity, and it renders impure food and drink, but it does not render impure people and vessels. If she marries a priest, she may partake of teruma, like any other wife of a priest; if she is unmarried and one of the men who are unfit for the priesthood, e.g., a mamzer or ḥalal, engaged in intercourse with her, he disqualifies her from marrying into the priesthood, and if she is the daughter of a priest, she is disqualified from partaking of teruma. Finally, if one of all those with whom relations are forbidden, as stated in the Torah, e.g., her father or her husband’s father, engaged in intercourse with her, they are executed by the court for engaging in intercourse with her, and she is exempt, because she is a minor. If the girl is less than that age, younger than three years and one day, the status of intercourse with her is not that of intercourse in all halakhic senses; rather, it is like placing a finger into the eye. Just as in that case, the eye constricts, sheds tears, and then returns to its original state, so too, in a girl younger than three years and one day old, the hymen returns to its original state.
בַּת שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת בְּבִיאָה. וְאִם בָּא עָלֶיהָ יָבָם, קְנָאָהּ. וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, וּמְטַמְּאָה אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ לְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. נִשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בָּא עָלֶיהָ אַחַד מִן הַפְּסוּלִים, פְּסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. בָּא עָלֶיהָ אַחַד מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה, מוּמָתִין עַל יָדָהּ, וְהִיא פְטוּרָה. פָּחוֹת מִכָּן, כְּנוֹתֵן אֶצְבַּע בָּעָיִן:
ד׳
ברטנורא

מתקדשת בביאה – if her father handed her over for this.

ואם בא עליה יבם קנאה – to be his wife for every matter, and he inherits her and defiles her and takes possession of the property of his brother.

וחייבין עליה משום אשת איש – if her father received her betrothal for her from one, and another person came upon her [through an act of sexual intercourse], he is put to death on her account, for her act of sexual intercourse is sexual intercourse.

ומטמאה את בועלה – if she was a menstruating woman/Niddah. But less than this (i.e., three-years and one-day old), even though she dies through contact, she does not defile the person who had intercourse with her because of [the transgression of] a person who has intercourse with a menstruating woman would lead to seven-days of defilement [which does not apply], but because of contact it is defilement for an evening.

תחתון – of a person who has intercourse with a menstruating woman.

כעליונו – of a person who has gonorrhea, which defiles food and liquids, but not persons or utensils.

מן הפסולין – as for example, a heathen and a slave and a descendant of the Gibeonites (see Joshua 9:27) and a Mamzer or the child of a Kohen who married a divorcee.

פסלה – from [consuming] the heave-offering of her father, if she is the daughter of a Kohen.

מכל העריות – such as her father or her father-in-law.

והיא פטורה – because she is a minor and is not liable for punishments.

כנותן אצבע בעין – that he sheds tears and returns to the status that he was, even here, she returns to being a virgin like she was.

מתקדשת בביאה. אם מסרה אביה לכך:

ואם בא עליה יבם קנאה. להיות אשתו לכל דבר, ויורשה ומיטמא לה וזכה בנכסי אחיו:

וחייבין עליה משום אשת איש. אם קבל בה אביה קדושין מאחד, ובא עליה אחר, נהרג עליה, דביאתה ביאה:

ומטמאה את בועלה. אם היא נדה. אבל פחות מכן, אע״פ שהיא מטמאה במגע, אינה מטמאה את בועלה משום בועל נדה לטומאת שבעה, אלא משום נוגע ולטומאת ערב:

תחתון. של בועל נדה:

כעליונו. של זב, שמטמא אוכלין ומשקין ולא אדם וכלים:

מן הפסולין. כגון נכרי, ועבד, ונתין, ממזר, או חלל:

פסלה. מתרומת אביה, אם היא בת כהן:

מכל העריות. כגון אביה או חמיה:

והיא פטורה. מפני שהיא קטנה ואינה בת עונשים:

כנותן אצבע בעין. שדומע וחוזר לכמות שהיה, אף כאן חוזרת בתולה כמו שהיתה:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Niddah Perek 5 Mishnah 5

נדה פרק ה׳ משנה ה׳

5
In the case of a boy, nine years and one day old, whose brother had died childless, who engaged in intercourse with his yevama, his brother’s widow, the status of the intercourse is that of halakhic intercourse and he acquires her as his wife; but he cannot give her a bill of divorce, if he chooses to end the marriage, until he reaches majority. And he becomes ritually impure after engaging in intercourse with a menstruating woman to the degree that he renders impure all the layers of bedding beneath him, such that they become impure like the upper bedding covering a zav. Accordingly, the bedding assumes first-degree ritual impurity status and does not become a primary source of ritual impurity, and it renders impure food and drink and does not render impure people and vessels. And if he is disqualified from the priesthood and the woman with whom he engages in intercourse is the daughter of a priest, he disqualifies her from partaking of teruma; but if he is a priest who marries an Israelite woman, he does not enable her to partake of teruma. And if he engages in bestiality, he disqualifies the animal from being sacrificed upon the altar, and the animal is stoned due to his act. And if he engaged in intercourse with one of all those with whom relations are forbidden, as stated in the Torah, e.g., his aunt or his mother, they are executed by the court due to having engaged in intercourse with him, because they are adults; but he is exempt, as he is a minor.
בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, קְנָאָהּ. וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן גֵּט עַד שֶׁיַּגְדִּיל. וּמִטַּמֵּא בְנִדָּה, לְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. וּפוֹסֵל וְאֵינוֹ מַאֲכִיל בַּתְּרוּמָה. וּפוֹסֵל אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה מֵעַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְנִסְקֶלֶת עַל יָדוֹ. וְאִם בָּא עַל אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה, מוּמָתִים עַל יָדוֹ, וְהוּא פָטוּר:
ה׳
ברטנורא

שבא על יבמתו קנאה- and he takes possession of the property of his brother. But even though it is not a complete acquisition/purchase, it is different here for it is from Heaven (i.e., from the Torah) that it was acquired by him.

ואינו נותן גט עד שיגדיל – if he comes to divorce her, for the betrothal of his brother is a complete betrothal/Kiddushin, but the divorce of this one (i.e., the levir of nine years of age) is not a complete divorce. And especially when he came upon her (i.e., in terms of sexual intercourse) after he had grown up (i.e., reached the age of thirteen years and one day), it is enough for her with a Jewish bill of divorce. But if he had not come upon her after he had grown up, she needs a Jewish bill of divorce and Halitzah (i.e., the removal by he widow of a special sandal from the foot of one of the deceased husband’s brothers).

ומטמא בנדה – if he came upon her while she was in her menstruating state (i.e., Niddah), for his act of sexual intercourse/coition is an act of sexual intercourse/coition in all manners.

ופוסל – as for example, a heathen and/or a slave or the son born to a Kohen and a woman to whom the Kohen is forbidden to marry who is nine years of age who comes upon the daughter of a Kohen , has invalidated her [from partaking] from the heave-offering of her father.

ואינו מאכיל – if he is a Kohen and married an Israelite woman, he does not feed her heave-offering, because his acquisition [of her] is not a complete acquisition. And even if he a levir whose acquisition through this act of coition is as we stated, even so, he does not feed her heave-offering/Terumah.

ופוסל את הבהמה – if the beast copulates with her (i.e., a human) through the testimony of one witness.

נסקלת על ידו – if there are two witnesses.

שבא על יבמתו קנאה. וזכה בנכסיו אחיו. ואע״פ שאין קנין לקטן, שאני הכא דמן שמיא אקנויה נהליה:

ואינו נותן גט עד שיגדיל. אם בא לגרשה. דקידושי אחיו קדושין גמורים, וגירושין של זה אינן גירושין גמורין. ודוקא כשבא עליה לאחר שהגדיל, די לה בגט. אבל אם לא בא עליה לאחר שהגדיל, צריכה גט וחליצה:

ומטמא בנדה. אם בא עליה בנדתה. דביאתו ביאה לכל דבר:

ופוסל. כגון נכרי ועבד או חלל בן תשע שנים שבא על הכהנת, פסלה מתרומת אביה:

ואינו מאכיל. אם הוא כהן ונשא ישראלית, אינו מאכילה בתרומה, לפי שאין קנינו קנין גמור. ואפילו הוא יבם דקנייה בהך ביאה כדאמרן, אפילו הכי אינו מאכילה בתרומה:

ופוסל את הבהמה. אם רבעה על פי עד אחד:

ונסקלת על ידו. אם יש שני עדים:

שאלות נפוצות על משנה יומית

עדיין יש לכם שאלה? צרו קשר