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המשנה היומית של היום

Temurah 5:1 - 5:2

The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, November 3, 2031 is Temurah 5:1 - 5:2

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Temurah Perek 5 Mishnah 1

תמורה פרק ה׳ משנה א׳

1
How may one employ artifice to circumvent the obligation to give the firstborn to the priest and utilize the animal for a different offering that he is obligated to bring? The owner approaches an animal that is going to give birth to its firstborn while that animal was still pregnant, and says: That which is in the womb of this animal, if it is male, is designated as a burnt offering. In that case, if the animal gave birth to a male, it will be sacrificed as a burnt offering. And in a case where he says: If it is female, it is designated as a peace offering, if the animal gave birth to a female, it will be sacrificed as a peace offering. In a case where the owner says: If it is male it is designated as a burnt offering, and if it is female it is designated as a peace offering, and the animal gave birth to a male and a female, the male will be sacrificed as a burnt offering and the female will be sacrificed as a peace offering.
כֵּיצַד מַעֲרִימִים עַל הַבְּכוֹר. מְבַכֶּרֶת שֶׁהָיְתָה מְעֻבֶּרֶת, אוֹמֵר, מַה שֶּׁבְּמֵעֶיהָ שֶׁל זוֹ, אִם זָכָר, עוֹלָה, יָלְדָה זָכָר, יִקְרַב עוֹלָה. וְאִם נְקֵבָה, זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, יָלְדָה נְקֵבָה, תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. אִם זָכָר עוֹלָה, אִם נְקֵבָה זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, יָלְדָה זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, הַזָּכָר יִקְרַב עוֹלָה, וְהַנְּקֵבָה תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים:
א׳
ברטנורא

כיצד מערימין על הבכור – to cancel the obligation/release it (i.e., the firstling) from the Kohen and to sacrifice it for his own obligation.

ילדה זכר יקרב עולה – for a firstling is not holy other than in the womb, and since ab initio, it takes effect in another holiness, furthermore, the holiness of its being a firstling no long takes effect with it.

ואם נקבה זבחי שלמים – we are not speaking about a female beast, for the female is not holy with the firstling that one needs to make a deception on it. But the sanctified beast, that if it is sin-offering and she became pregnant and one wants to make a deception so that it will not go to die, for the offspring of a sin-offering goes to its death, one can change it it to another sanctity. [And this comes to inform us] that the offspring of Holy Things, while they are born holy and not in the wombs of their mother, for since they had not yet been sanctified with the holiness of their mothers, one is able to engraft upon them another holiness, so that when they are born, they will not be a sin-offering.

כיצד מערימין על הבכור. להפקיעו מכהן ולהקריבו לחובתו:

ילדה זכר יקרב עולה. דבכור לא קדיש אלא מרחם, וכיון דמעיקרא אתפסיה בקדושה אחריתא, תו לא חיילא עליה קדושת בכורה:

ואם נקבה זבחי שלמים. לאו במבכרת מיירי, דאין הנקבה קדושה בבכורה דבעי לאערומי עלה. אלא בבהמת קדשים, דאם חטאת היא ונתעברה ורוצה להערים שלא ילך למיתה, דולד חטאת למיתה אזיל, ישנהו לקדושה אחרת. [וקמשמע לן] ולדות קדשים בהוייתן קדושים ולא במעי אמן, וכיון דעדיין לא קדשו קדושת אמן, מצי לארכובי עלייהו קדושה אחריתי, דלכי מתיליד לא הוי חטאת:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Temurah Perek 5 Mishnah 2

תמורה פרק ה׳ משנה ב׳

2
If the animal gave birth to two males, one of them will be sacrificed as a burnt offering and the second will be sold to those obligated to bring a burnt offering, who will sacrifice it as a burnt offering; and the money received from its sale is non-sacred. If the animal gave birth to two females, one of them will be sacrificed as a peace offering and the second will be sold to those obligated to bring a peace offering, who will sacrifice it as a peace offering, and the money received from its sale is non-sacred. If the animal gave birth to a tumtum, whose gender is unknown, or a hermaphrodite, which has both male and female sexual organs, both of which are unfit for sacrifice, Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: They are not imbued with sanctity.
יָלְדָה שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים, אַחַד מֵהֶן יִקְרַב עוֹלָה, וְהַשֵּׁנִי יִמָּכֵר לְחַיָּבֵי עוֹלָה, וְדָמָיו חֻלִּין. יָלְדָה שְׁתֵּי נְקֵבוֹת, אַחַת מֵהֶן תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה תִּמָּכֵר לְחַיָּבֵי שְׁלָמִים, וְדָמֶיהָ חֻלִּין. יָלְדָה טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס, רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵין קְדֻשָּׁה חָלָה עֲלֵיהֶן:
ב׳
ברטנורא

ילדה שני זכרים – we are speaking about an unconsecrated animal, if the animal was dedicated, how was something that was sanctified as a burnt-offering let it be a burnt-offering, for the other one refers to the sanctity of its mother. But it is certainly an unconsecrated animal, and therefore, this one whose monetary value was not sanctified is unconsecrated. But however, on both of them, the holiness of a burnt-offering exists. For since he stated that if [he born animal] is a male, it is a burnt-offering, and because he did not vow other than for one, therefore, he should offer the one for his vow, and the second he should sell for the needs of a burnt-offering and its monetary value/worth is unconsecrated.

אין קדושה חלה עליהן – for the offspring become holy because they are holy [at the time of their existence] and not from the belly of their mother, and since that these when they leave [their mother’s womb] are not appropriate for sacrifice, they are not holy. But the Sages dispute Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel as they hold that the offspring are holy and exist through the holiness of their mother [from the womb]. And the Halakha is not according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel (see Talmud Temurah 25a).

ילדה שני זכרים. בבהמת חולין מיירי. דאי בבהמת קדשים, היאך דאקדישה עולה להוי עולה, ואידך קאי בקדושתה דאמיה. אלא ודאי בבהמת חולין, ולפיכך האי דלא קדיש דמיו חולין. ומיהו על שניהם חלה קדושת עולה, דהא אמר אם זכר עולה, ומשום דאיהו לא נדר אלא חדא, הלכך יקרב האחד לנדרו והשני ימכר לצרכי עולה ודמיו חולין:

אין קדושה חלה עליהן. דולדות קדשים בהוייתן הן קדושים ולא ממעי אמן, וכיון דהנך ביציאתן מן הרחם אינן ראויין להקרבה, לא קדשי. וחכמים פליגי על רבן שמעון בן גמליאל וסברי דולדות קדשים בקדושת אמן קיימי. ואין הלכה כרבן שמעון בן גמליאל:

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