Mishnah.org Logo

המשנה היומית של היום

Eruchin 9:7 - 9:8

The Mishnah Yomi for Friday, October 24, 2031 is Eruchin 9:7 - 9:8

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Eruchin Perek 9 Mishnah 7

ערכין פרק ט׳ משנה ז׳

7
With regard to the houses of the unwalled courtyards mentioned in the Torah (see Leviticus 25:31), i.e., houses in villages that are not surrounded by walls, one accords them the exceptional provisions that apply to houses of walled cities and the exceptional provisions that apply to fields. Therefore, they are redeemed immediately and for the entire twelve months following the sale, like in the sale of houses of walled cities, and not like fields, which may be redeemed only after two years. And they leave the possession of the buyer during the Jubilee Year or with a per annum deduction from the money of the sale price, like the sale of fields. By contrast, houses of walled cities become the possession of the buyer in perpetuity after one year, and if they are redeemed within the year, one pays the full sale price. And these are the houses of the unwalled courtyards whose halakha was taught in the previous mishna: Any city in which there are two courtyards each containing two houses, although it is surrounded by a wall from the era of Joshua, son of Nun, their halakhic status is like that of the houses of the unwalled courtyards.
בָּתֵּי הַחֲצֵרִים, נוֹתְנִים לָהֶם כֹּחַ הַיָּפֶה שֶׁבְּבָתֵּי עָרֵי חוֹמָה וְכֹחַ הַיָּפֶה שֶׁבַּשָּׂדוֹת. נִגְאָלִין מִיָּד, וְנִגְאָלִין כָּל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ כַּבָּתִּים, וְיוֹצְאִים בַּיּוֹבֵל וּבְגִרְעוֹן כֶּסֶף כַּשָּׂדוֹת. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן בָּתֵּי חֲצֵרִים, שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת שֶׁל שְׁנֵי שְׁנֵי בָתִּים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֻּקָּפִין חוֹמָה מִימוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כְבָתֵּי חֲצֵרִים:
ז׳
ברטנורא

בתי החצרים – that these villages lack a wall.

כח יפה (strong legal right, privilege) – as it is explained,

and they are redeemed immediately, that it is not necessary to delay him for two years in the hand of the purchaser like that of fields, as it is written concerning them (Leviticus 25:31): “they may be redeemed/גאלה תהיה לו [and they shall be released through the jubilee],” implying that he may redeem it immediately (see Tractate Arakhin, Chapter 9, Mishnah 3) if he wants and that is like dwelling houses in a walled city.

ובגרעון כסף (see Tractate Arakhin, Chapter 9, Mishnah 1) – [at a reduced price] – that the purchaser deducts for him according to the years that they remained in his hand, like fields. For regarding the houses in villages/בתי החצרים , it is written (Leviticus 25:31): “they shall be classed as open country”/על שדה הארץ יחשב – that they go forth [by payment] of a reduced price like fields.

שתי חצרות של שני שני בתים – a city which doesn’t have in it other than two courtyards, even though it is surround by a wall from the time of Joshua, are regarded as houses in villages.

בתי החצרים. שאין להם לעיירות חומה:

כח יפה. כדמפרש:

ונגאלים מיד. שאין צריך לשהותו שתי שנים ביד הלוקח כשדות. דכתיב בהו גאולה תהיה לו, דמשמע מיד יגאלנו אם ירצה והיינו כבתים של ערי חומה:

ובגרעון כסף. שמנכה לו הלוקח לפי שנים ששהו בידו, כשדות. דבבתי החצרים כתיב על שדה הארץ יחשב, שיוצאים בגרעון כסף כשדות:

שתי חצרות של שני שני בתים. עיר שאין בה אלא שתי חצרות אע״פ שהיא מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע, נחשבין כבתי החצרים:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Eruchin Perek 9 Mishnah 8

ערכין פרק ט׳ משנה ח׳

8
An Israelite who inherited a house in a walled city from his mother’s father who was a Levite does not redeem the house in accordance with this procedure delineated in the previous mishnayot; rather, if he sold the inherited house, he may redeem it always, like a Levite. And likewise, a Levite who inherited a house in a walled city from his mother’s father who was an Israelite does not redeem the house in accordance with this procedure delineated in the previous mishnayot. The mishna provides the source for these halakhot: As it is stated: “And if a man purchases from the Levites, the house that was sold in the city of his possession shall go out during the Jubilee Year; as the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession among the children of Israel” (Leviticus 25:33). The verse indicates that the ability to always redeem the house of a Levite does not apply unless the one selling the house will be a Levite and the house is located in the cities of the Levites. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. And the Rabbis say: These matters are stated only with regard to a house in the cities of the Levites, even if the owner was not a Levite. The Levites received two thousand cubits surrounding their cities, one thousand cubits of empty lots and one thousand cubits for fields and vineyards. One may neither render a field an empty lot nor an empty lot a field. Similarly, one may neither incorporate an empty lot into a city nor render part of a city an empty lot. Rabbi Elazar said: In what case is this statement said? It applies in the cities of the Levites. But in the cities of the Israelites one may render a field an empty lot but not an empty lot a field, and one may incorporate an empty lot into a city but not render part of a city an empty lot, in order to ensure that they will not thereby destroy the cities of Israel. The priests and the Levites may sell their fields and houses always and may redeem them always, as it is stated: “The Levites shall have a perpetual right of redemption” (Leviticus 25:32). Priests are also members of the tribe of Levi.
יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁיָּרַשׁ אֲבִי אִמּוֹ לֵוִי, אֵינוֹ גוֹאֵל כַּסֵּדֶר הַזֶּה. וְכֵן לֵוִי שֶׁיָּרַשׁ אֶת אֲבִי אִמּוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵינוֹ גוֹאֵל כַּסֵּדֶר הַזֶּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כה), כִּי בָתֵּי עָרֵי הַלְוִיִּם, עַד שֶׁיְהֵא לֵוִי וּבְעָרֵי הַלְוִיִּם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַדְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים אֶלָּא בְעָרֵי הַלְוִיִּם. אֵין עוֹשִׂים שָׂדֶה מִגְרָשׁ וְלֹא מִגְרָשׁ שָׂדֶה, וְלֹא מִגְרָשׁ עִיר וְלֹא עִיר מִגְרָשׁ. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בְּעָרֵי הַלְוִיִּם. אֲבָל בְּעָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, עוֹשִׂין שָׂדֶה מִגְרָשׁ וְלֹא מִגְרָשׁ שָׂדֶה, מִגְרָשׁ עִיר וְלֹא עִיר מִגְרָשׁ, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַחֲרִיבוּ אֶת עָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם מוֹכְרִים לְעוֹלָם וְגוֹאֲלִים לְעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם), גְּאֻלַּת עוֹלָם תִּהְיֶה לַלְוִיִּם:
ח׳
ברטנורא

ישראל שירש – dwelling houses in a walled city from his mother’s father who is a Levite.

אינו גואל כסדר הזה – in the Gemara (Tractate Arakhin 33b) they said that it teaches that he does not redeem other than according to this procedure. But this is what he said: he does not redeem like Levites, as it is written concerning them (Leviticus 25:32): “the Levites shall forever have the right of redemption,” but rather like this procedure that is stated regarding an Israelite that it will be permanently sold at the end of a year.

וכן לוי שירש את אבי אמו ישראל – even he (i.e., this Levite) does not redeem [the property] like a Levite, but rather like this procedure that is stated regarding an Israelite. For he can never redeem like a Levite until he will be a Levite and in a Levitical city. For two Biblical verses are written: It is written (Leviticus 25:33): “for the houses in the cities of the Levities are their holding [among the Israelites],” and it is written (Leviticus 25:33): “Such property as may be redeemed from the Levites,” which implies that for some of the Levities I have given permission to redeem, but not to all of them, excluding the son of Levite who comes from a mother who is illegitimately married to him (i.e., a bastard) or from a female descendant of the Gibeonites (see Joshua 9:27 as well as Tractate Yevamot, Chapter 8 at the conclusion Mishnah 3), and all the more so an Israelite who inherited his mother’s father, a Levite, for he (i.e., the grandson) is a complete Israelite and does not ever redeem [like a Levite].

אין הדברים אמורים (these rules have been stated only) – these things/rules are stated regarding redemption at any time other than concerning Levitical cities. But until he will be a [full] Levite, we don’t require this. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

מגרש – a place empty of anything, and there is no house in it nor do they sow [seeds] other than being a beauty/embellishment of the town [which requires open space all around] (see Rashi to Bava Batra 24b).

אין עושין שדה מגרש – as it is written (Leviticus 25:34): “But the unenclosed land about their cities cannot be sold [for that is their holding for all time],” What do [the words] "לא ימכר"/cannot be sold mean? If you were to say that it cannot be sold at all, but [it is written] (Leviticus 25:32): “the Levites shall forever have the right of redemption,” it follows that it can [in fact] be sold, but what [is the meaning of] (Leviticus 25:34): “[But the enclosed land about their cities] cannot be sold/לא ימכר ?” It shall not be changed.

כדי שלא יחריבו – the settlement of the land.

מוכרים לעולם (see Tractate Arakhin, Chapter 9, Mishnah 1) – and not like an Israelite who is not able to sell less than two years prior to the Jubilee [year] as it is written concerning them (Leviticus 25:15): “and in selling to you, he shall charge you only for the remaining crop years,” but they (i.e., the Priests and Levites) can sell even near the Jubilee [year].

וגואלים לעולם – but if they (i.e., Kohanim and Levites) sold dwelling houses in a walled city, they are permanently sold at the end of the year like dwelling houses in a walled cities of an Israelite, but if they sold fields, they don’t need to stand in the hands of the purchaser for two years, but rather, they redeem [them] immediately, if they wish.

ישראל שירש. בתי ערי חומה מאבי אמו לוי:

אינו גואל כסדר הזה. בגמרא אמרו, תני אינו גואל אלא כסדר הזה. והכי קאמר, אינו גואל כלוים דכתיב בהו גאולת עולם תהיה ללוים, אלא כסדר הזה האמור בישראל שתהא נחלטת בסוף שנה:

וכן לוי שירש את אבי אמו ישראל. אף הוא אינו גואל כלוי, אלא כסדר הזה האמור בישראל. דלעולם אינו גואל כלוי, עד שיהא לוי ובערי הלוים. דתרי קראי כתיבי, כתיב (ויקרא כ״ה ט) כי בתי ערי הלוים היא אחוזתם, דמשמע דבערי הלוים תלה רחמנא, לאפוקי בן לוי שירש אבי אמו ישראל, וכתיב (שם) ואשר יגאל מן הלוים, דמשמע למקצת לוים נתתי רשות לגאול ולא כולם, לאפוקי בן לוי הבא מן הממזרת ומן הנתינה שאינו גואל לעולם, וכל שכן ישראל שירש את אבי אמו לוי, דישראל גמור הוא, שאינו גואל לעולם:

אין הדברים אמורים. אין הדברים הללו דגאולת עולם אמורים, אלא בערי הלוים. אבל עד שיהא לוי לא בעינן. והלכה כחכמים:

מגרש. מקום פנוי מכלום, אין בו בית ולא זורעים אותו אלא נוי הוא לעיר:

אין עושין שדה מגרש וכו׳ דכתיב (שם) ושדה מגרש עריהם לא ימכר, מאי לא ימכר, אילימא לא ימכר כלל, הא מדכתיב גאולת עולם תהיה ללוים, מכלל דמזדבן, אלא מאי לא ימכר, לא ישתנה:

כדי שלא יחריבו. את ישוב הארץ:

מוכרים לעולם. ולא כישראל שאינו יכול למכור פחות משתי שנים קודם היובל דכתיב בהו (שם) במספר שני תבואות ימכר לך, אבל אלו מוכרים אפילו סמוך ליובל:

וגואלים לעולם. אם בתי ערי חומה מכרו אינן נחלטים בסוף שנה כבתי ערי חומה של ישראל, ואם שדות מכרו, אין צריכין לעמוד ביד הלוקח שתי שנים אלא גואלים מיד אם ירצו:

שאלות נפוצות על משנה יומית

עדיין יש לכם שאלה? צרו קשר