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המשנה היומית של היום

Eruchin 3:5 - 4:1

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, October 7, 2031 is Eruchin 3:5 - 4:1

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Eruchin Perek 3 Mishnah 5

ערכין פרק ג׳ משנה ה׳

5
There are halakhot with regard to a defamer, who falsely claims that his bride was not a virgin, that are lenient and others that are stringent. How so? Both one who defamed a young woman who is the most prominent in the priesthood and one who defamed a young woman who is the lowliest among the Israelites gives payment of one hundred sela, the fine stated in the Torah (Deuteronomy 22:19). Based on the relative scope of the fines, with the defamer paying twice the sum of the rapist and the seducer, it is apparent that one who utters malicious speech with his mouth is a more severe transgressor than one who performs an action. And this is corroborated, as we found that the sentence imposed on our ancestors in the wilderness was sealed only due to the malicious speech disseminated by the spies, as it is stated at that time: “All those men that have seen My glory, and My signs, which I wrought in Egypt and in the wilderness, yet they have tried Me these ten times and have not listened to My voice” (Numbers 14:22).
בַּמּוֹצִיא שֵׁם רָע לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר. כֵּיצַד. אֶחָד שֶׁהוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה שֶׁבַּכְּהֻנָּה וְעַל הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, נוֹתֵן מֵאָה סֶלַע. נִמְצָא הָאוֹמֵר בְּפִיו יָתֵר מִן הָעוֹשֶׂה מַעֲשֶׂה. שֶׁכֵּן מָצִינוּ, שֶׁלֹּא נֶחְתַּם גְּזַר דִּין עַל אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בַמִּדְבָּר אֶלָּא עַל לָשׁוֹן הָרַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יד), וַיְנַסּוּ אֹתִי זֶה עֶשֶׂר פְּעָמִים וְלֹא שָׁמְעוּ בְּקוֹלִי:
ה׳
ברטנורא

נמצא האומר בפיו יתר מן העושה מעשה – the person who says: “I did not find her to be a virgin” gives/pays [a fine of] one-hundred [shekel] and he rapist [and seducer] who reveals her virginity through an action gives fifty [shekel].

גזר דין – to not enter into the Land [of Israel].

זה עשר פעמים – this is written regarding the Spies (Numbers 14:22), that implies that their legal sentence was sealed on this (i.e., the evil report that they shared about the Promised Land when they returned from their forty-day spy mission).

נמצא האומר בפיו יתר מן העושה מעשה. שהאומר לא מצאתי בתולים נותן מאה, והאונס דמוציא בתולים על ידי מעשה נותן חמשים:

גזר דין. שלא ליכנס לארץ:

זה עשר פעמים. גבי מרגלים כתיב, דמשמע על זה נתחתם גזר דין:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Eruchin Perek 4 Mishnah 1

ערכין פרק ד׳ משנה א׳

1
Affordability, which is written in the Torah: “According to the means of him who vowed shall the priest valuate him” (Leviticus 27:8), is determined in accordance with the means of the one taking the vow, and the sum fixed by the Torah based on the years of age is in accordance with the age of the subject of the vow. And the distinction based on sex that is written in the halakhot of valuations is stated with regard to the one valuated, and the different valuation based on the age of the one valuated is determined at the time one takes the vow of valuation. The mishna elaborates: Affordability is in accordance with the means of the one taking the vow; how so? A destitute person who valuated a wealthy person gives the valuation in accordance with the means of a destitute person, as determined by the priest. And a wealthy person who valuated a destitute person gives the valuation in accordance with the means of a wealthy person, the sum of which is fixed in the Torah.
הֶשֵּׂג יָד, בַּנּוֹדֵר. וְהַשָּׁנִים, בַּנִּדָּר. וְהָעֲרָכִים, בַּנֶּעֱרָךְ, וְהָעֵרֶךְ, בִּזְמַן הָעֵרֶךְ. הֶשֵּׂג יָד בַּנּוֹדֵר, כֵּיצַד. עָנִי שֶׁהֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת הֶעָשִׁיר, נוֹתֵן עֵרֶךְ עָנִי. וְעָשִׁיר שֶׁהֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת הֶעָנִי, נוֹתֵן עֵרֶךְ עָשִׁיר:
א׳
ברטנורא

השג יד-בנודר (the law regulating the payment of certain vows according to one’s means – Leviticus 27:8) -the teaching of the law regulating the payment of certain vows according to one’s means, that the poor person is judged in Valuation according to his means/wealth, for we follow after the person making the vow, and not after the person about whom the vow is taken, as will be explained further on (see Mishnah 4 of this chapter) and as we learned in Tractate Arakhin, Chapter 2, Mishnah 1, the valuation is no less than a Sela).

והשנים בנידר – a young child that made a valuation of the value of an old person gives the valuation of the old person, and we don’t follow after the years of the person who is making the vow. And the Tanna/teacher who calls the one dedicating the value of the person [or of an animal unfit for the altar] the one making a vow, as he took the language of Scripture, as it is written (Leviticus 27:8): “and the priest shall assess hm according to what the vower can afford.” And since it (i.e., the Mishnah) stated, “[the estimate of] ability to pay [is made in accordance with the status of] the one who vows, it (i.e., the Mishnah) also stated, [the estimate of the] the years [of age is made in accord with the status of] the one [whose Valuation] is vowed.

והערכים בנערך (the vows of value are regulated by the condition of the person whose value is vowed) - the determination of the valuation of a male and a female, we follow after that of the one who is the subject of Valuation, as it will be explained further on (see Mishnah 4 of this chapter).

והערך בזמן הערך – as it is explained further on (Mishnah 2), for if he made a valuation of himself when he was less than twenty-years of age, which is the valuation of a minor, and prior to his giving it, he was twenty-years of age, he does not give other than at the time of the valuation.

השג יד בנודר. תורת דין השגת יד, שעני נדון בערכין כפי השג ידו, בתר נודר אזלינן, ולא בתר נידר, כדמפרש לקמן:

והשנים בנידר. ילד שהעריך ערך זקן, נותן ערך זקן, דלא אזלינן בתר שנים דנודר. ותנא דקרי למעריך נודר, לישנא דקרא נקט, דכתיב (ויקרא כ״ז:ח׳) על פי אשר תשיג יד הנודר יעריכנו הכהן. ואיידי דאמר השג יד בנודר אמר נמי השנים בנידר:

והערכים בנערך. קצב הערך דזכר ונקבה, בתר נערך אזיל, ולא בתר מעריך, כדמפרש לקמן דאיש שאמר ערך אשה פלונית עלי נותן ערך אשה:

והערך בזמן הערך. כדמפרש לקמן, שאם העריך עצמו כשהיה פחות מבן עשרים דהוי ערך קטן, וקודם נתינתו היה בן עשרים, אינו נותן אלא כשעה שהעריך:

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