Keilim 10:7 - 10:8

תנור ישן – that was heated in order to bake in it cakes made of spongy dough (i.e., a sort of crackers) that this is its completion of work to be considered a vessel susceptible to receive ritual impurity.

חדש – that was not heated and is not susceptible to receive ritual impurity.

וסרידא על פי הישן (and a colander is over the mouth of the old) – but it is not spread with plaster, and there is no airtight lid here.

ניטל הישן וסרידא נופלת – that it is not adjoined on the mouth of the new oven.

הכל טמא – for the old (i.e., oven) one that the colander is upon is considered a vessel and it does not protect other than with an airtight lid, and behold, there isn’t an airtight lid here. But the new (i.e., oven) one that is not a vessel would interpose in the face of the defilement because of the tent if the colander was adjoined upon it, for all that protects/saves because of a tent formed does not require an airtight lid. But at the time when the colander is not adjoined upon it, there isn’t a tent here, therefore everything is impure.

אם אין בין חדש לסדירא פותח טפח – if it is not one handbreadth high between the covering that is on the old (i.e., oven) one to the mouth of the new oven, the covering that is upon the old one is considered as if it is in the mouth of he news, and the new becomes a tent which protrudes before the defilement and all that is within it is ritually pure (see also Tractate Ohalot, Chapter 3, Mishnah 7 and Chapter 12, Mishnah1).

לפסין (tightly covered pot/stew-pot) – like אלפסין/tightly covered pots. Large iron pans – that they cook in them.

ושפתותיהן שוות – that one rim from them is no higher than its neighbor.

בעליונה – this is the inner one for the outer one is underneath it.

היא טמאה – if the unclean reptile/insect is in the upper [saucepan], foods that are in the lower one are clean/pure, for the All-Merciful stated (Leviticus 11:33): “And if any of those falls into an earthen vessel/כל אשר יפול אל תוכו” and not "אל תוך תוכו"/within that which it is into, but the unclean insect/reptile that is in the upper [saucepan] is within that which it is into – of the lower [saucepan]. But if the unclean insect in the lower [saucepan], the foods that are in the upper [saucepan] are not are not made impure, for the All-Merciful stated (Leviticus 11:33): "כל אשר בתוכו/everything inside it [shall be impure and -the vessel -itself you shall break],” but not that which is within it.

היו בכונס משקה ([if] they were [so damaged] that liquids could penetrate) – meaning to say, perforated so that liquids could penetrate that is, in order [to preserve] their ritual purity, for tightly covered pots are made for liquids and food-stuff, and we place upon them for stringency when liquids penetrate.

השרץ בעליונה – that is, the inner [saucepan].

כולן טמאות – for we see the unclean insect as if it is each one [of the pans], since they are perforated where the liquids penetrate.

בתחתונה – which is the outer [saucepan].

היא טמאה וכולן טהורות – for the defilement does not enter through its rims. But however, if there were food and liquids in the inner [saucepan], they were defiled, since the incision was not plastered over as is it is proven above in Chapter 8 [Mishnah 2]. And this is the reason, because he made a perforation in order [to preserve] its ritual purity, it is considered like the airspace of the outer vessel, and food-stuffs and liquids are made ritually impure from the airspace of an earthenware vessel, and neither people nor vessels are defiled from the airspace of earthenware vessels.

השרץ בעליונה – now we are speaking about complete stew-pots.

היא והתחתנה טמאה – since it is like as if it is placed within it since it (i.e., the bottom saucepan) exceeds [the others in height], but the middle one is ritually pure, for a utensil does not become defiled through the airspace of an earthenware vessel.

כל שיש בו משקה טופח טמא (each one in which here is moist liquid is unclean) – the moist liquid that is within the middle vessel is defiled from the airspace of the earthenware vessel, and the liquid returned and defiled the utensils. For the Rabbis decreed on liquids that it would defile a utensil, as a decree because of the liquid of a man with gonorrhea and a woman with a flux . And the same law applies where one is able to inform us of this novel [concept] of moist liquid in the first clause [of the Mishnah] that the unclean insect in the upper and lower [saucepans] exceeds [the others] and there is moist liquid in the middle [pan].